đ˘ Salarino speculates that Antonio's sadness stems from worry about his merchant ships at sea, describing how such ventures would consume one's thoughts with anxiety about storms, rocks, and financial ruin.
đ° Antonio denies that his melancholy comes from his business ventures, claiming his investments are diversified across multiple ships and locations to minimize risk.
đ When Antonio also denies being in love, Salarino suggests he's simply sad because he's not merry, highlighting the circular nature of unexplained depression.
đ The scene establishes Antonio's enigmatic sadness as a central mystery while introducing the wealthy merchant's world of international trade and close friendships.
self. Your mind is tossing on the ocean,
There where your argosies with portly sail
(Like signiors and rich burghers on the flood,
Or, as it were, the pageants of the sea)
Do overpeer the petty traffickers
That curtsy to them, do them reverence,
As they fly by them with their woven wings. Believe me, sir, had I such venture forth,
The better part of my affections would
Be with my hopes abroad. I should be still
Plucking the grass to know where sits the wind,
Piring in maps for ports and piers and roads;
And every object that might make me fear
7ACT 1
Scene 1
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FTLN 0020 20 9 The Merchant of VeniceACT 1. SC. 1
SALARINO
ANTONIO
SOLANIO
ANTONIO
SOLANIO Misfortune to my ventures, out of doubt
Would make me sad. My wind cooling my broth
Would blow me to an ague when I thought
What harm a wind too great might do at sea. I should not see the sandy hourglass run
But I should think of shallows and of flats,
And see my wealthy Andrew docked in sand,
Vailing her high top lower than her ribs
To kiss her burial. Should I go to church
And see the holy edifice of stone
And not bethink me straight of dangerous rocks,
Which, touching but my gentle vesselâs side,
Would scatter all her spices on the stream,
Enrobe the roaring waters with my silks,
And, in a word, but even now worth this
And now worth nothing? Shall I have the thought
To think on this, and shall I lack the thought
That such a thing bechanced would make me sad? But tell not me: I know Antonio
Is sad to think upon his merchandise. Believe me, no. I thank my fortune for it,
My ventures are not in one bottom trusted,
Nor to one place; nor is my whole estate
Upon the fortune of this present year:
Therefore my merchandise makes me not sad. Why then you are in love. Fie, fie! Not in love neither? Then let us say you are sad
Because you are not merry; and âtwere as easy
For you to laugh and leap, and say you are merry
Because you are not sad. Now, by two-headed
Janus,FTLN 0021
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FTLN 0053 11 The Merchant of VeniceACT 1. SC. 1
SALARINO
ANTONIO
SALARINO
BASSANIO
SALARINO
Salarino and Solanio exit. LORENZO
BASSANIO
GRATIANO Nature hath framed strange fellows in her time:
Some that will evermore peep through their eyes
And laugh like parrots at a bagpiper,
And other of such vinegar aspect
That theyâll not show their teeth in way of smile
Though Nestor swear the jest be laughable. Enter Bassanio, Lorenzo, and Gratiano. Here comes Bassanio, your most noble kinsman,
Gratiano, and Lorenzo. Fare you well. We leave you now with better company. I would have stayed till I had made you merry,
If worthier friends had not prevented me. Your worth is very dear in my regard. I take it your own business calls on you,
And you embrace thâ occasion to depart. Good morrow, my good lords. Good signiors both, when shall we laugh? Say,
when? You grow exceeding strange. Must it be so? Weâll make our leisures to attend on yours. My Lord Bassanio, since you have found Antonio,
We two will leave you. But at dinner time
I pray you have in mind where we must meet. I will not fail you. You look not well, Signior Antonio. You have too much respect upon the world.FTLN 0054
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FTLN 0078 13 The Merchant of VeniceACT 1. SC. 1
AN
đ Shakespeare's texts have been corrupted over 400 years through printing errors and editorial decisions based on cultural preferences rather than scholarly accuracy.
đŤ Victorian editors removed Miranda's speech about attempted rape from The Tempest, giving it to her father because they deemed it improper for a woman to speak such words.
đ Modern Folger Shakespeare editions use transparent editorial practices with brackets to show all textual alterations, unlike older texts that hide their interventions.
âď¸ The Merchant of Venice plot involves Antonio securing a loan from Shylock with a pound of flesh as collateral, while Bassanio courts Portia through a riddle involving three chests.
ext by accident through four hundred
years of printings and misprinting; and even decisions based on
cultural preference and taste. When the Moby⢠Text was created,
for example, it was deemed âimproperâ and âindecentâ for Miranda
to chastise Caliban for having attempted to rape her. (See The
Tempest, 1.2: âAbhorred slave,/Which any print of goodness wilt not
take,/Being capable of all ill! I pitied theeâŚâ). All Shakespeare
editors at the time took the speech away from her and gave it to her
father, Prospero. The editors of the Moby⢠Shakespeare produced their text long
before scholars fully understood the proper grounds on which to
make the thousands of decisions that Shakespeare editors face. The
Folger Library Shakespeare Editions, on which the Folger
Shakespeare texts depend, make this editorial process as nearly
transparent as is possible, in contrast to older texts, like the Mobyâ˘,
which hide editorial interventions. The reader of the Folger
Shakespeare knows where the text has been altered because editorial
interventions are signaled by square brackets (for example, from
Othello: âIf she in chains of magic were not bound,â), half-square
brackets (for example, from Henry V: âWith blood and sword and
fire to win your right,â), or angle brackets (for example, fromTextual Introduction
By Barbara Mowat and Paul Werstine
Hamlet: âO farewell, honest soldier. Who hath relieved/you?â). At
any point in the text, you can hover your cursor over a bracket for
more information. Because the Folger Shakespeare texts are edited in accord with
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here provides them to readers, scholars, teachers, actors, directors,
and students, free of charge, confident of their quality as texts of the
plays and pleased to be able to make this contribution to the study
and enjoyment of Shakespeare. Antonio, the merchant in The Merchant of Venice, secures a loan
from Shylock for his friend Bassanio, who seeks to court Portia. Shylock, a Jewish moneylender, recalls past insults from Antonio
and, instead of asking interest on the loan, asks insteadâin what he
calls a âmerry sportââthat if the loan is not repaid, Antonio will
owe a pound of his own flesh. Bassanio sails to Belmont, where the wealthy heiress Portia is being
courted by suitors from around the world. Her fatherâs will requires
that the successful suitor solve a riddle involving chests of gold,
silver, and lead. Where others have failed, Bassanio succeeds by
selecting the right chest. Portia marries Bassanio; her waiting
woman, Nerissa, marries his friend Gratiano. Shylockâs daughter, Jessica, has eloped with Bassanioâs friend
Lorenzo, taking her fatherâs money with her. Shylock is devastated. When Antonio cannot repay the loan, Shylock demands the pound of
flesh. When the news reaches Belmont, Bassanio returns to Venice. Portia and Nerissa also travel to Venice, disguised as a lawyer and
his clerk. Portia uses the law to defeat Shylock and rescue Antonio.Synopsis PORTIA, an heiress of Belmont
NERISSA, her waiting-gentlewoman
ANTONIO, a merchant of Venice
BASSANIO, a Venetian gentleman, suitor to Portia
LEONARDO, servant to Bassanio
SHYLOCK, a Jewish moneylender in Venice
JESSICA, his daughter
TUBAL, another Jewish moneylender
LANCELET GOBBO, servant to Shylock and later to Bassanio
OLD GOBBO, Lanceletâs father
SALERIO, a messenger from Venice
Jailer
Duke of Venice
Magnificoes of Venice
Servants
Attendants and followers
Messenger
MusiciansCharacters in the Play
servants to PortiaBALTHAZAR
STEPHANO
suitors to PortiaPrince of MOROCCO
Prince of ARRAGON
companions of Antonio and BassanioSOLANIO
SALARINO
GRATIANO
LORENZO
ANTONIO
SALARINO
SOLANIOEnter Antonio, Salarino, and Solanio. In sooth I know not why I am so sad. It wearies me, you say it wearies you. But how I caught it, found it, or came by it,
What stuff âtis made of, whereof it is born,
I am to learn. And such a want-wit sadness makes of me
That I have much ado to know my
đ The Folger Shakespeare Library serves as the world's greatest documentary source for Shakespeare's works, housing unparalleled collections of early modern books and manuscripts.
đ Shakespeare's plays were not published as single authoritative texts like modern works, but exist in multiple versions through various Quartos and the 1623 First Folio.
đ Multiple drastically different versions exist for major plays like Hamlet (three versions), King Lear, Henry V, and Romeo and Juliet (two versions each).
âď¸ Modern editors must make complex decisions about which base text to use and how to combine elements from different versions to create the most accurate representation.
Get even mor e from the Folger
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to get the text, plus explanatory notes, illustrations, and more. Buy a copyFolger Shakespeare Library
https://shakespeare.folger.edu/ Front
MatterFrom the Director of the Folger Shakespeare
Library
Textual Introduction
Synopsis
Characters in the Play
ACT 1Scene 1
Scene 2
Scene 3
ACT 2Scene 1
Scene 2
Scene 3
Scene 4
Scene 5
Scene 6
Scene 7
Scene 8
Scene 9
ACT 3Scene 1
Scene 2
Scene 3
Scene 4
Scene 5
ACT 4Scene 1
Scene 2
ACT 5 Scene 1Contents Michael Witmore
Director, Folger Shakespeare LibraryIt is hard to imagine a world without Shakespeare. Since their
composition four hundred years ago, Shakespeareâs plays and poems
have traveled the globe, inviting those who see and read his works to
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đ Antonio views life as a theatrical stage where everyone must play their assigned role, his being a melancholy one.
đŁď¸ Gratiano argues that living joyfully is better than appearing wise through silence, criticizing those who cultivate gravitas through saying nothing.
đ° Bassanio confesses to Antonio that he has fallen into serious debt due to living beyond his means and maintaining an extravagant lifestyle.
đš Bassanio uses a childhood metaphor about shooting arrows to explain his plan for recovering from his financial troubles.
TONIO
GRATIANO
LORENZO They lose it that do buy it with much care. Believe me, you are marvelously changed. I hold the world but as the world, Gratiano,
A stage where every man must play a part,
And mine a sad one. Let me play the fool. With mirth and laughter let old wrinkles come,
And let my liver rather heat with wine
Than my heart cool with mortifying groans. Why should a man whose blood is warm within
Sit like his grandsire cut in alabaster? Sleep when he wakes? And creep into the jaundice
By being peevish? I tell thee what, Antonio
(I love thee, and âtis my love that speaks):
There are a sort of men whose visages
Do cream and mantle like a standing pond
And do a willful stillness entertain
With purpose to be dressed in an opinion
Of wisdom, gravity, profound conceit,
As who should say âI am Sir Oracle,
And when I ope my lips, let no dog bark.â
O my Antonio, I do know of these
That therefore only are reputed wise
For saying nothing, when, I am very sure,
If they should speak, would almost damn those ears
Which, hearing them, would call their brothers
fools. Iâll tell thee more of this another time. But fish not with this melancholy bait
For this fool gudgeon, this opinion.â
Come, good Lorenzo.âFare you well a while. Iâll end my exhortation after dinner. Well, we will leave you then till dinner time. I must be one of these same dumb wise men,
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FTLN 0113 15 The Merchant of VeniceACT 1. SC. 1
GRATIANO
ANTONIO
GRATIANO
Gratiano and Lorenzo exit. ANTONIO
BASSANIO
ANTONIO
BASSANIO
ANTONIO
Well, keep me company but two years more,
Thou shalt not know the sound of thine own
tongue. Fare you well. Iâll grow a talker for this gear. Thanks, iâ faith, for silence is only commendable
In a neatâs tongue dried and a maid not vendible. Is that anything now? Gratiano speaks an infinite deal of nothing,
more than any man in all Venice. His reasons are as
two grains of wheat hid in two bushels of chaff: you
shall seek all day ere you find them, and when you
have them, they are not worth the search. Well, tell me now what lady is the same
To whom you swore a secret pilgrimage,
That you today promised to tell me of? âTis not unknown to you, Antonio,
How much I have disabled mine estate
By something showing a more swelling port
Than my faint means would grant continuance. Nor do I now make moan to be abridged
From such a noble rate. But my chief care
Is to come fairly off from the great debts
Wherein my time, something too prodigal,
Hath left me gaged. To you, Antonio,
I owe the most in money and in love,
And from your love I have a warranty
To unburden all my plots and purposes
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FTLN 0142 17 The Merchant of VeniceACT 1. SC. 1
BASSANIO
ANTONIO
BASSANIO And if it stand, as you yourself still do,
Within the eye of honor, be assured
My purse, my person, my extremest means
Lie all unlocked to your occasions. In my school days, when I had lost one shaft,
I shot his fellow of the selfsame flight
The selfsame way with more advisèd watch
To find the other forth; and by adventuring both
I oft found both. I urge this childhood proof
Because what follows is pure innocence. I owe you much, and, like a willful youth,
That which I owe is
đ° Antonio agrees to use his credit and reputation to help Bassanio pursue the wealthy heiress Portia in Belmont, despite having no ready money.
đď¸ Portia is described as extraordinarily beautiful and virtuous, compared to golden fleece that attracts many suitors like Jason's quest.
đ Portia expresses weariness with her privileged life and the paradox that excess wealth can be as troublesome as poverty.
âď¸ Portia reveals her tragic constraint: she cannot choose her own husband due to her deceased father's will requiring suitors to choose correctly among three chests of gold, silver, and lead.
lost. But if you please
To shoot another arrow that self way
Which you did shoot the first, I do not doubt,
As I will watch the aim, or to find both
Or bring your latter hazard back again,
And thankfully rest debtor for the first. You know me well, and herein spend but time
To wind about my love with circumstance;
And out of doubt you do me now more wrong
In making question of my uttermost
Than if you had made waste of all I have. Then do but say to me what I should do
That in your knowledge may by me be done,
And I am prest unto it. Therefore speak. In Belmont is a lady richly left,
And she is fair, and, fairer than that word,
Of wondrous virtues. Sometimes from her eyes
I did receive fair speechless messages. Her name is Portia, nothing undervalued
To Catoâs daughter, Brutusâ Portia. Nor is the wide world ignorant of her worth,
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FTLN 0175 175 19 The Merchant of VeniceACT 1. SC. 2
ANTONIO
They exit. PORTIA
NERISSA
PORTIA
NERISSA Renownèd suitors, and her sunny locks
Hang on her temples like a golden fleece,
Which makes her seat of Belmont Colchosâ strond,
And many Jasons come in quest of her. O my Antonio, had I but the means
To hold a rival place with one of them,
I have a mind presages me such thrift
That I should questionless be fortunate! Thou knowâst that all my fortunes are at sea;
Neither have I money nor commodity
To raise a present sum. Therefore go forth:
Try what my credit can in Venice do;
That shall be racked even to the uttermost
To furnish thee to Belmont to fair Portia. Go presently inquire, and so will I,
Where money is, and I no question make
To have it of my trust, or for my sake. Enter Portia with her waiting woman Nerissa. By my troth, Nerissa, my little body is aweary
of this great world. You would be, sweet madam, if your miseries
were in the same abundance as your good fortunes
are. And yet, for aught I see, they are as sick that
surfeit with too much as they that starve with
nothing. It is no mean happiness, therefore, to be
seated in the mean. Superfluity comes sooner by
white hairs, but competency lives longer. Good sentences, and well pronounced. They would be better if well followed.FTLN 0176
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FTLN 0203 21 The Merchant of VeniceACT 1. SC. 2
PORTIA
NERISSA
PORTIA
NERISSA
PORTIA
NERISSA
PORTIA If to do were as easy as to know what were
good to do, chapels had been churches, and poor
menâs cottages princesâ palaces. It is a good divine
that follows his own instructions. I can easier teach
twenty what were good to be done than to be one of
the twenty to follow mine own teaching. The brain
may devise laws for the blood, but a hot temper
leaps oâer a cold decree: such a hare is madness the
youth, to skip oâer the meshes of good counsel the
cripple. But this reasoning is not in the fashion to
choose me a husband. O, me, the word âchooseâ! I
may neither choose who I would nor refuse who I
dislike. So is the will of a living daughter curbed by
the will of a dead father. Is it not hard, Nerissa, that
I cannot choose one, nor refuse none? Your father was ever virtuous, and holy men
at their death have good inspirations. Therefore the
lottery that he hath devised in these three chests of
gold, silver, and lead, whereof who chooses his
meaning chooses you, will no doubt never be
chosen by any righ
đ Portia discusses her lack of affection for various princely suitors with her servant Nerissa.
đ She mocks the Neapolitan prince for obsessing over his horse and the County Palatine for his constant frowning.
đ Portia criticizes the French lord for copying everyone else's traits and the English baron for their language barrier.
đˇ She devises a plan to place wine near the wrong casket to ensure the drunken German suitor fails the test.
tly but one who you shall rightly
love. But what warmth is there in your affection
towards any of these princely suitors that are already
come? I pray thee, overname them, and as thou
namest them, I will describe them, and according
to my description level at my affection. First, there is the Neapolitan prince. Ay, thatâs a colt indeed, for he doth nothing but
talk of his horse, and he makes it a great appropriation
to his own good parts that he can shoe him
himself. I am much afeard my lady his mother
played false with a smith. Then is there the County Palatine. He doth nothing but frown, as who should say
âAn you will not have me, choose.â He hearsFTLN 0204
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NERISSA
PORTIA
NERISSA
PORTIA
NERISSA
PORTIA merry tales and smiles not. I fear he will prove the
weeping philosopher when he grows old, being so
full of unmannerly sadness in his youth. I had
rather be married to a deathâs-head with a bone in
his mouth than to either of these. God defend me
from these two! How say you by the French lord, Monsieur Le
Bon? God made him, and therefore let him pass for
a man. In truth, I know it is a sin to be a mocker,
but he!âwhy, he hath a horse better than the
Neapolitanâs, a better bad habit of frowning than
the Count Palatine. He is every man in no man. If a
throstle sing, he falls straight a-capâring. He will
fence with his own shadow. If I should marry him, I
should marry twenty husbands! If he would despise
me, I would forgive him, for if he love me to
madness, I shall never requite him. What say you then to Falconbridge, the young
baron of England? You know I say nothing to him, for he understands
not me, nor I him. He hath neither Latin,
French, nor Italian; and you will come into the
court and swear that I have a poor pennyworth in
the English. He is a proper manâs picture, but alas,
who can converse with a dumb show? How oddly
he is suited! I think he bought his doublet in Italy,
his round hose in France, his bonnet in Germany,
and his behavior everywhere. What think you of the Scottish lord, his
neighbor? That he hath a neighborly charity in him, for
he borrowed a box of the ear of the Englishman,
and swore he would pay him again when he was
able. I think the Frenchman became his surety and
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NERISSA
PORTIA
NERISSA
PORTIA
NERISSA
PORTIA
NERISSA
PORTIA
NERISSA How like you the young German, the Duke of
Saxonyâs nephew? Very vilely in the morning, when he is sober,
and most vilely in the afternoon, when he is drunk. When he is best he is a little worse than a man, and
when he is worst he is little better than a beast. An
the worst fall that ever fell, I hope I shall make shift
to go without him. If he should offer to choose, and choose the
right casket, you should refuse to perform your
fatherâs will if you should refuse to accept him. Therefore, for fear of the worst, I pray thee set
a deep glass of Rhenish wine on the contrary
casket, for if the devil be within and that temptation
without, I know he will choose it. I will do
anything, Nerissa, ere I will be married to a sponge. You need not fear, lady, the having any of
these lords. They have
đ° Shylock reveals his deep hatred for Antonio, both for being Christian and for lending money without interest, which hurts Shylock's usury business in Venice.
đ Shylock justifies charging interest by citing the biblical story of Jacob cleverly breeding spotted sheep to increase his wealth through God's blessing.
đ Antonio warns Bassanio that 'the devil can cite Scripture for his purpose,' comparing Shylock to a villain with false righteousness.
đ¤ Despite their mutual animosity, the business negotiation for 3,000 ducats continues as Antonio breaks his usual custom of not borrowing with interest.
wning publican he looks! I hate him for he is a Christian,
But more for that in low simplicity
He lends out money gratis and brings down
The rate of usance here with us in Venice. If I can catch him once upon the hip,
I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him.FTLN 0341 15
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FTLN 0373 31 The Merchant of VeniceACT 1. SC. 3
BASSANIO
SHYLOCK
ANTONIO
SHYLOCK
ANTONIO
SHYLOCK
ANTONIO
SHYLOCK He hates our sacred nation, and he rails,
Even there where merchants most do congregate,
On me, my bargains, and my well-won thrift,
Which he calls âinterest.â Cursèd be my tribe
If I forgive him! Shylock, do you hear? I am debating of my present store,
And, by the near guess of my memory,
I cannot instantly raise up the gross
Of full three thousand ducats. What of that? Tubal, a wealthy Hebrew of my tribe,
Will furnish me. But soft, how many months
Do you desire? To Antonio. Rest you fair, good
signior! Your Worship was the last man in our mouths. Shylock, albeit I neither lend nor borrow
By taking nor by giving of excess,
Yet, to supply the ripe wants of my friend,
Iâll break a custom. To Bassanio. Is he yet
possessed
How much you would? Ay, ay, three thousand
ducats. And for three months. I had forgotâthree months. To Bassanio. You told me so.â
Well then, your bond. And let me seeâbut hear
you:
Methoughts you said you neither lend nor borrow
Upon advantage. I do never use it. When Jacob grazed his Uncle Labanâs sheepâ
This Jacob from our holy Abram wasFTLN 0374
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FTLN 0406 80 33 The Merchant of VeniceACT 1. SC. 3
ANTONIO
SHYLOCK
ANTONIO
SHYLOCK
ANTONIO (As his wise mother wrought in his behalf)
The third possessor; ay, he was the thirdâ
And what of him? Did he take interest? No, not take interest, not, as you would say,
Directly âinterest.â Mark what Jacob did. When Laban and himself were compromised
That all the eanlings which were streaked and pied
Should fall as Jacobâs hire, the ewes being rank
In end of autumn turnèd to the rams,
And when the work of generation was
Between these woolly breeders in the act,
The skillful shepherd pilled me certain wands,
And in the doing of the deed of kind
He stuck them up before the fulsome ewes,
Who then conceiving did in eaning time
Fall parti-colored lambs, and those were Jacobâs. This was a way to thrive, and he was blest;
And thrift is blessing if men steal it not. This was a venture, sir, that Jacob served for,
A thing not in his power to bring to pass,
But swayed and fashioned by the hand of heaven. Was this inserted to make interest good? Or is your gold and silver ewes and rams? I cannot tell; I make it breed as fast. But note me, signiorâ
, aside to Bassanio
Mark you this, Bassanio,
The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose! An evil soul producing holy witness
Is like a villain with a smiling cheek,
A goodly apple rotten at the heart. O, what a goodly outside falsehood hath!FTLN 0407
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FTLN 0437 35 The Merchant of VeniceACT 1. SC. 3
SHYLOCK
ANTONIO
SHYLOCK
ANTONIO
Three thousand ducats. âTis a goo
đ Portia expresses relief that her current suitors are departing, as she finds none of them appealing and is bound by her father's casket test for marriage.
đ Portia fondly remembers Bassanio as the most worthy man she has ever encountered, showing clear romantic interest in him.
𤴠The Prince of Morocco arrives as a new suitor, but Portia wishes she could welcome him with as little enthusiasm as she bids farewell to the others.
đ° Shylock the moneylender cautiously considers lending 3,000 ducats to Bassanio with Antonio as guarantor, weighing the risks of Antonio's maritime investments.
đŤ Shylock refuses to dine with Christians due to religious restrictions, willing to conduct business but maintaining strict social boundaries.
acquainted me with their
determinations, which is indeed to return to their
home and to trouble you with no more suit, unless
you may be won by some other sort than your
fatherâs imposition depending on the caskets. If I live to be as old as Sibylla, I will die as
chaste as Diana unless I be obtained by the manner
of my fatherâs will. I am glad this parcel of wooers
are so reasonable, for there is not one among them
but I dote on his very absence. And I pray God
grant them a fair departure! Do you not remember, lady, in your fatherâs
time, a Venetian, a scholar and a soldier, that came
hither in company of the Marquess of Montferrat? Yes, yes, it was Bassanioâas I think so was he
called. True, madam. He, of all the men that ever my
foolish eyes looked upon, was the best deserving a
fair lady.FTLN 0276
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FTLN 0311 27 The Merchant of VeniceACT 1. SC. 3
PORTIA
SERVINGMAN
PORTIA
They exit. SHYLOCK
BASSANIO
SHYLOCK
BASSANIO
SHYLOCK
BASSANIO
SHYLOCK
BASSANIO
SHYLOCK
BASSANIO I remember him well, and I remember him
worthy of thy praise. Enter a Servingman. How now, what news? The four strangers seek for you, madam,
to take their leave. And there is a forerunner come
from a fifth, the Prince of Morocco, who brings
word the Prince his master will be here tonight. If I could bid the fifth welcome with so good
heart as I can bid the other four farewell, I should
be glad of his approach. If he have the condition of
a saint and the complexion of a devil, I had rather
he should shrive me than wive me. Come, Nerissa. To Servingman. Sirrah, go before.â
Whiles we shut the gate upon one wooer, another
knocks at the door. Enter Bassanio with Shylock the Jew. Three thousand ducats, well. Ay, sir, for three months. For three months, well. For the which, as I told you, Antonio shall
be bound. Antonio shall become bound, well. May you stead me? Will you pleasure me? Shall I know your answer? Three thousand ducats for three months,
and Antonio bound. Your answer to that? Antonio is a good man. Have you heard any imputation to the
contrary?FTLN 0312 120
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Scene 3
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FTLN 0340 29 The Merchant of VeniceACT 1. SC. 3
SHYLOCK
BASSANIO
SHYLOCK
BASSANIO
SHYLOCK
BASSANIO
SHYLOCK Ho, no, no, no, no! My meaning in saying he
is a good man is to have you understand me that he
is sufficient. Yet his means are in supposition: he
hath an argosy bound to Tripolis, another to the
Indies. I understand, moreover, upon the Rialto,
he hath a third at Mexico, a fourth for England, and
other ventures he hath squandered abroad. But
ships are but boards, sailors but men; there be land
rats and water rats, water thieves and land
thievesâI mean piratesâand then there is the
peril of waters, winds, and rocks. The man is,
notwithstanding, sufficient. Three thousand ducats. I think I may take his bond. Be assured you may. I will be assured I may. And that I may be
assured, I will bethink me. May I speak with
Antonio? If it please you to dine with us. Yes, to smell pork! To eat of the habitation
which your prophet the Nazarite conjured the
devil into! I will buy with you, sell with you, talk
with you, walk with you, and so following; but I
will not eat with you, drink with you, nor pray with
you.âWhat news on the Rialto?âWho is he comes
here? Enter Antonio. This is Signior Antonio. , aside
How like a fa
đ° Shylock confronts Antonio about years of abuse and humiliation, including being called names and spat upon in the Rialto marketplace.
đ¤ Despite the mistreatment, Shylock offers to lend money without interest as a gesture of friendship and forgiveness.
âď¸ The loan comes with a shocking condition: if Antonio defaults, Shylock can claim a pound of his flesh from any part of his body.
đ Antonio confidently agrees to the bond, believing he will repay it easily, while Bassanio warns against such dangerous terms.
d round sum. Three months from twelve, then let me see, the
rateâ
Well, Shylock, shall we be beholding to you? Signior Antonio, many a time and oft
In the Rialto you have rated me
About my moneys and my usances. Still have I borne it with a patient shrug
(For suffârance is the badge of all our tribe). You call me misbeliever, cutthroat dog,
And spet upon my Jewish gaberdine,
And all for use of that which is mine own. Well then, it now appears you need my help. Go to, then. You come to me and you say
âShylock, we would have moneysââyou say so,
You, that did void your rheum upon my beard,
And foot me as you spurn a stranger cur
Over your threshold. Moneys is your suit. What should I say to you? Should I not say
âHath a dog money? Is it possible
A cur can lend three thousand ducats?â Or
Shall I bend low, and in a bondmanâs key,
With bated breath and whispâring humbleness,
Say this: âFair sir, you spet on me on Wednesday
last;
You spurned me such a day; another time
You called me âdogâ; and for these courtesies
Iâll lend you thus much moneysâ? I am as like to call thee so again,
To spet on thee again, to spurn thee, too. If thou wilt lend this money, lend it not
As to thy friends, for when did friendship takeFTLN 0438
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FTLN 0469 37 The Merchant of VeniceACT 1. SC. 3
SHYLOCK
BASSANIO
SHYLOCK
ANTONIO
BASSANIO
ANTONIO
SHYLOCK A breed for barren metal of his friend? But lend it rather to thine enemy,
Who, if he break, thou mayst with better face
Exact the penalty. Why, look you how you storm! I would be friends with you and have your love,
Forget the shames that you have stained me with,
Supply your present wants, and take no doit
Of usance for my moneys, and youâll not hear me! This is kind I offer. This were kindness! This kindness will I show. Go with me to a notary, seal me there
Your single bond; and in a merry sport,
If you repay me not on such a day,
In such a place, such sum or sums as are
Expressed in the condition, let the forfeit
Be nominated for an equal pound
Of your fair flesh, to be cut off and taken
In what part of your body pleaseth me. Content, in faith. Iâll seal to such a bond,
And say there is much kindness in the Jew. You shall not seal to such a bond for me! Iâll rather dwell in my necessity. Why, fear not, man, I will not forfeit it! Within these two monthsâthatâs a month before
This bond expiresâI do expect return
Of thrice three times the value of this bond. O father Abram, what these Christians are,
Whose own hard dealings teaches them suspect
The thoughts of others! Pray you tell me this:
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FTLN 0501 175 39 The Merchant of VeniceACT 1. SC. 3
ANTONIO
SHYLOCK
ANTONIO
Shylock exits. BASSANIO
ANTONIO
They exit. By the exaction of the forfeiture? A pound of manâs flesh taken from a man
Is not so estimable, profitable neither,
As flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats. I say,
To buy his favor I extend this friendship. If he will take it, so. If not, adieu;
And for my love I pray you wrong me not. Yes, Shylock, I will seal unto this bond. Then meet me forthwith at the notaryâs. Give him direction for this merry bond,
And I will go and purse the ducats straight,
See to my house left in the fearful guard
Of an unthrifty knave, and presently
Iâll be with you. Hie thee, gentle Jew. The
𤴠The Prince of Morocco arrives as a suitor for Portia, defending his dark complexion and boasting of his military prowess and romantic conquests.
đ° Morocco must participate in the casket lottery established by Portia's father, where choosing wrong means never being able to marry any woman.
đ˛ Morocco acknowledges that fortune may favor an unworthy man over a worthy one, comparing himself to Hercules who could lose to a lesser opponent by chance.
đ Lancelet Gobbo experiences an internal conflict between his conscience and a tempting fiend, debating whether to run away from his Jewish master.
Hebrew will turn Christian; he grows kind. I like not fair terms and a villainâs mind. Come on, in this there can be no dismay;
My ships come home a month before the day.FTLN 0502
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FTLN 0520 MOROCCO
PORTIAEnter the Prince of Morocco, a tawny Moor all in
white, and three or four followers accordingly, with
Portia, Nerissa, and their train. Mislike me not for my complexion,
The shadowed livery of the burnished sun,
To whom I am a neighbor and near bred. Bring me the fairest creature northward born,
Where Phoebusâ fire scarce thaws the icicles,
And let us make incision for your love
To prove whose blood is reddest, his or mine. I tell thee, lady, this aspect of mine
Hath feared the valiant; by my love I swear
The best regarded virgins of our clime
Have loved it too. I would not change this hue
Except to steal your thoughts, my gentle queen. In terms of choice I am not solely led
By nice direction of a maidenâs eyes;
Besides, the lottâry of my destiny
Bars me the right of voluntary choosing. But if my father had not scanted me
And hedged me by his wit to yield myself
His wife who wins me by that means I told you,
43ACT 2
Scene 1
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FTLN 0539 45 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 1
MOROCCO
PORTIA
MOROCCO
PORTIA
MOROCCO
They exit. Yourself, renownèd prince, then stood as fair
As any comer I have looked on yet
For my affection. Even for that I thank you. Therefore I pray you lead me to the caskets
To try my fortune. By this scimitar
That slew the Sophy and a Persian prince,
That won three fields of Sultan Solyman,
I would oâerstare the sternest eyes that look,
Outbrave the heart most daring on the Earth,
Pluck the young sucking cubs from the she-bear,
Yea, mock the lion when he roars for prey,
To win thee, lady. But, alas the while! If Hercules and Lychas play at dice
Which is the better man, the greater throw
May turn by fortune from the weaker hand;
So is Alcides beaten by his page,
And so may I, blind Fortune leading me,
Miss that which one unworthier may attain,
And die with grieving. You must take your chance
And either not attempt to choose at all
Or swear before you choose, if you choose wrong
Never to speak to lady afterward
In way of marriage. Therefore be advised. Nor will not. Come, bring me unto my chance. First, forward to the temple. After dinner
Your hazard shall be made. Good fortune then,
To make me blestâor cursedâst among men!FTLN 0540 20
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FTLN 0569 47 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 2
LANCELETEnter Lancelet Gobbo the Clown, alone. Certainly my conscience will serve me to
run from this Jew my master. The fiend is at mine
elbow and tempts me, saying to me âGobbo,
Lancelet Gobbo, good Lancelet,â or âgood Gobbo,â
or âgood Lancelet Gobbo, use your legs, take
the start, run away.â My conscience says âNo. Take
heed, honest Lancelet, take heed, honest Gobbo,â
or, as aforesaid, âhonest Lancelet Gobbo, do not
run; scorn running with thy heels.â Well, the most
courageous fiend bids me pack. âFia!â says the
fiend. âAway!â says the fiend. âFor the heavens,
rouse up a brave mind,â says the fiend, âand run!â
Well, my conscience, hanging about the neck of my
heart, says very wisely to me âMy honest friend
Lancelet, being an honest manâs sonââor rather,
an honest womanâs son, for indeed my father did
something smack, something grow
đ¤ Lancelet reunites with his father Gobbo after being away, leading to a humorous scene where they barely recognize each other due to physical changes.
đź Lancelet desperately wants to leave his current master Shylock (referred to as 'the Jew') because he feels mistreated and 'famished in his service.'
đ Father and son engage in comical overlapping dialogue when trying to petition Bassanio, constantly interrupting each other and confusing their request.
âď¸ Bassanio agrees to hire Lancelet after Shylock has already recommended the transfer, with Lancelet noting the ironic proverb that Bassanio has 'the grace of God' while Shylock has 'enough' (money).
I cannot think you are my son. I know not what I shall think of that; but I
am Lancelet, the Jewâs man, and I am sure Margery
your wife is my mother. Her name is Margery, indeed. Iâll be sworn if
thou be Lancelet, thou art mine own flesh and
blood. Lord worshiped might He be, what a beard
hast thou got! Thou hast got more hair on thy chin
than Dobbin my fill-horse has on his tail. , standing up It should seem, then, that
Dobbinâs tail grows backward. I am sure he had
more hair of his tail than I have of my face when I
last saw him. Lord, how art thou changed! How dost thou
and thy master agree? I have brought him a present. How âgree you now? Well, well. But for mine own part, as I have
set up my rest to run away, so I will not rest till IFTLN 0637
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FTLN 0672 53 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 2
BASSANIO
The Attendant exits. LANCELET
GOBBO
BASSANIO
GOBBO
LANCELET
GOBBO
LANCELET
GOBBO
LANCELET
GOBBO
LANCELET have run some ground. My masterâs a very Jew. Give him a present! Give him a halter. I am
famished in his service. You may tell every finger I
have with my ribs. Father, I am glad you are come! Give me your present to one Master Bassanio, who
indeed gives rare new liveries. If I serve not him, I
will run as far as God has any ground. O rare
fortune, here comes the man! To him, father, for I
am a Jew if I serve the Jew any longer. Enter Bassanio with Leonardo and a follower or two. , to an Attendant You may do so, but let it be
so hasted that supper be ready at the farthest by five
of the clock. See these letters delivered, put the
liveries to making, and desire Gratiano to come
anon to my lodging. To him, father. , to Bassanio God bless your Worship. Gramercy. Wouldst thou aught with me? Hereâs my son, sir, a poor boyâ
Not a poor boy, sir, but the rich Jewâs man,
that would, sir, as my father shall specifyâ
He hath a great infection, sir, as one would say,
to serveâ
Indeed, the short and the long is, I serve the
Jew, and have a desire, as my father shall specifyâ
His master and he (saving your Worshipâs
reverence) are scarce cater-cousinsâ
To be brief, the very truth is that the Jew,
having done me wrong, doth cause me, as my
father being, I hope, an old man, shall frutify unto
youâ
I have here a dish of doves that I would bestow
upon your Worship, and my suit isâ
In very brief, the suit is impertinent to
myself, as your Worship shall know by this honestFTLN 0673
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FTLN 0706 55 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 2
BASSANIO
LANCELET
GOBBO
BASSANIO
LANCELET
BASSANIO
Attendant exits. Bassanio and Leonardo talk apart. LANCELET
Lancelet and old Gobbo exit. BASSANIO
Handing him a paper. old man, and though I say it, though old man yet
poor man, my fatherâ
One speak for both. What would you? Serve you, sir. That is the very defect of the matter, sir. , to Lancelet
I know thee well. Thou hast obtained thy suit. Shylock thy master spoke with me this day,
And hath preferred thee, if it be preferment
To leave a rich Jewâs service, to become
The follower of so poor a gentleman. The old proverb is very well parted between
my master Shylock and you, sir: you have âthe
grace of God,â sir, and he hath âenough.â
Thou speakâst it well.âGo, father, with thy son.â
Take leave of thy old mast
đ¤ Lancelet wrestles with his conscience about leaving his Jewish master, ultimately deciding to follow the devil's counsel to run away.
đ¨âđŚ Old Gobbo, Lancelet's nearly blind father, arrives looking for his son but fails to recognize him due to his poor eyesight.
đ Lancelet decides to play tricks on his father, giving confusing directions and pretending to be a stranger who knows his son.
đ˘ Lancelet cruelly tells his father that young Lancelet is dead, causing the old man great grief before finally revealing his true identity.
đ The scene ends with Lancelet kneeling and asking for his father's blessing, insisting he is truly his son despite the confusion.
toâhe had a
kind of tasteâwell, my conscience says âLancelet,
budge not.â âBudge,â says the fiend. âBudge not,â
says my conscience. âConscience,â say I, âyou
counsel well.â âFiend,â say I, âyou counsel well.â
To be ruled by my conscience, I should stay with the
Jew my master, who (God bless the mark) is a kind
of devil; and to run away from the Jew, I should be
ruled by the fiend, who (saving your reverence) is
the devil himself. Certainly the Jew is the very devil
incarnation, and, in my conscience, my conscience
is but a kind of hard conscience to offer to counsel
me to stay with the Jew. The fiend gives the more
friendly counsel. I will run, fiend. My heels are at
your commandment. I will run. Enter old Gobbo with a basket.Scene 2
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FTLN 0600 49 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 2
GOBBO
LANCELET
GOBBO
LANCELET
GOBBO
LANCELET
GOBBO
LANCELET
GOBBO
LANCELET
GOBBO
LANCELET
GOBBO
LANCELET Master young man, you, I pray you, which is
the way to Master Jewâs? , aside O heavens, this is my true begotten
father, who being more than sandblind, high gravelblind,
knows me not. I will try confusions with him. Master young gentleman, I pray you, which is
the way to Master Jewâs? Turn up on your right hand at the next
turning, but at the next turning of all on your left;
marry, at the very next turning, turn of no hand,
but turn down indirectly to the Jewâs house. Be Godâs sonties, âtwill be a hard way to hit. Can you tell me whether one Lancelet, that dwells
with him, dwell with him or no? Talk you of young Master Lancelet? Aside. Mark me now, now will I raise the waters.âTalk
you of young Master Lancelet? No master, sir, but a poor manâs son. His
father, though I say ât, is an honest exceeding poor
man and, God be thanked, well to live. Well, let his father be what he will, we talk
of young Master Lancelet. Your Worshipâs friend, and Lancelet, sir. But I pray you, ergo, old man, ergo, I beseech
you, talk you of young Master Lancelet? Of Lancelet, an ât please your mastership. Ergo, Master Lancelet. Talk not of Master
Lancelet, father, for the young gentleman, according
to Fates and Destinies, and such odd sayings, the
Sisters Three, and such branches of learning, is
indeed deceased, or, as you would say in plain
terms, gone to heaven. Marry, God forbid! The boy was the very staff
of my age, my very prop. , aside Do I look like a cudgel or a hovel-post,
a staff or a prop?âDo you know me, father?FTLN 0601
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FTLN 0636 51 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 2
GOBBO
LANCELET
GOBBO
LANCELET
GOBBO
LANCELET
GOBBO
LANCELET
GOBBO
LANCELET
GOBBO
LANCELET Alack the day, I know you not, young gentleman. But I pray you tell me, is my boy, God rest his
soul, alive or dead? Do you not know me, father? Alack, sir, I am sandblind. I know you not. Nay, indeed, if you had your eyes, you might
fail of the knowing me. It is a wise father that
knows his own child. Well, old man, I will tell you
news of your son. He kneels. Give me your blessing. Truth will come to light, murder cannot be hid
longâa manâs son may, but in the end, truth will
out. Pray you, sir, stand up! I am sure you are not
Lancelet my boy. Pray you, letâs have no more fooling about
it, but give me your blessing. I am Lancelet, your
boy that was, your son that is, your child that shall
be.
đ Bassanio prepares to travel to Belmont and instructs Leonardo to make arrangements for a feast with his acquaintances.
đŁď¸ Gratiano asks to accompany Bassanio to Belmont, but Bassanio warns him to tone down his wild and rude behavior to avoid embarrassing them.
đŞ Gratiano promises to act with complete civility and propriety, vowing to carry prayer books, speak respectfully, and behave like a perfect gentleman.
đ Jessica secretly gives Lancelet a letter to deliver to Lorenzo while expressing sadness about his departure from her father's hellish household.
er, and inquire
My lodging out. To an Attendant. Give him a livery
More guarded than his fellowsâ. See it done. Father, in. I cannot get a service, no! I have
neâer a tongue in my head! Well, studying his palm
if any man in Italy have a fairer table which doth
offer to swear upon a bookâI shall have good
fortune, go to! Hereâs a simple line of life. Hereâs a
small trifle of wivesâalas, fifteen wives is nothing;
eleven widows and nine maids is a simple coming-in
for one manâand then to âscape drowning
thrice, and to be in peril of my life with the edge of a
featherbed! Here are simple âscapes. Well, if Fortune
be a woman, sheâs a good wench for this gear. Father, come. Iâll take my leave of the Jew in the
twinkling. I pray thee, good Leonardo, think on this.FTLN 0707
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57 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 2
LEONARDO
GRATIANO
LEONARDO Leonardo exits. GRATIANO
BASSANIO
GRATIANO
BASSANIO
GRATIANO
BASSANIO
GRATIANO These things being bought and orderly bestowed,
Return in haste, for I do feast tonight
My best esteemed acquaintance. Hie thee, go. My best endeavors shall be done herein. Enter Gratiano. , to Leonardo Whereâs your master? Yonder, sir, he walks. Signior Bassanio! Gratiano! I have suit to you. You have obtained it. You must not deny me. I must go with you
to Belmont. Why then you must. But hear thee, Gratiano,
Thou art too wild, too rude and bold of voiceâ
Parts that become thee happily enough,
And in such eyes as ours appear not faults. But where thou art not knownâwhy, there they
show
Something too liberal. Pray thee take pain
To allay with some cold drops of modesty
Thy skipping spirit, lest through thy wild behavior
I be misconstered in the place I go to,
And lose my hopes. Signior Bassanio, hear me. If I do not put on a sober habit,
Talk with respect, and swear but now and then,
Wear prayer books in my pocket, look demurely,
Nay more, while grace is saying, hood mine eyes
Thus with my hat, and sigh and say âamen,â
Use all the observance of civility
Like one well studied in a sad ostent
To please his grandam, never trust me more.FTLN 0738
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FTLN 0769 200 59 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 3
BASSANIO
GRATIANO
BASSANIO
GRATIANO
They exit. JESSICA
LANCELET
JESSICA
Lancelet exits. Well, we shall see your bearing. Nay, but I bar tonight. You shall not gauge me
By what we do tonight. No, that were pity. I would entreat you rather to put on
Your boldest suit of mirth, for we have friends
That purpose merriment. But fare you well. I have some business. And I must to Lorenzo and the rest. But we will visit you at supper time. Enter Jessica and Lancelet Gobbo. I am sorry thou wilt leave my father so. Our house is hell and thou, a merry devil,
Didst rob it of some taste of tediousness. But fare thee well. There is a ducat for thee,
And, Lancelet, soon at supper shalt thou see
Lorenzo, who is thy new masterâs guest. Give him this letter, do it secretly,
And so farewell. I would not have my father
See me in talk with thee. Adieu. Tears exhibit my tongue, most beautiful
pagan, most sweet Jew. If a Christian do not
play the knave and get thee, I am much deceived. But adieu. These foolish drops do something drown
my manly spirit. Adieu. Farewell, good Lancelet.FTLN 0770
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đ Jessica writes to Lorenzo expressing shame about her father and promising to convert to Christianity and marry him if he keeps his promise.
đ Lorenzo and his friends prepare for a masquerade tonight, with Jessica planned to serve as Lorenzo's torchbearer in disguise.
đ° Jessica's letter reveals detailed escape plans including what gold, jewels, and page's clothing she has prepared for her flight.
đ˝ď¸ Shylock reluctantly agrees to dine with Christians despite his suspicions, having dreamed of money bags and sensing trouble brewing.
N 0779 210
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61 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 4
She exits. LORENZO
GRATIANO
SALARINO
SOLANIO
LORENZO
LANCELET
Handing him Jessicaâs letter. LORENZO
GRATIANO Alack, what heinous sin is it in me
To be ashamed to be my fatherâs child? But though I am a daughter to his blood,
I am not to his manners. O Lorenzo,
If thou keep promise, I shall end this strife,
Become a Christian and thy loving wife. Enter Gratiano, Lorenzo, Salarino, and Solanio. Nay, we will slink away in supper time,
Disguise us at my lodging, and return
All in an hour. We have not made good preparation. We have not spoke us yet of torchbearers. âTis vile, unless it may be quaintly ordered,
And better in my mind not undertook. âTis now but four oâclock. We have two hours
To furnish us. Enter Lancelet. Friend Lancelet, whatâs the news? An it shall please you to break up this, it
shall seem to signify. I know the hand; in faith, âtis a fair hand,
And whiter than the paper it writ on
Is the fair hand that writ. Love news, in faith!FTLN 0795
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FTLN 0816 63 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 4
LANCELET
LORENZO
LANCELET
LORENZO
Lancelet exits. SALARINO
SOLANIO
LORENZO
SALARINO
Salarino and Solanio exit. GRATIANO
LORENZO
Handing him the letter. They exit. By your leave, sir. Whither goest thou? Marry, sir, to bid my old master the Jew to
sup tonight with my new master the Christian. Hold here, take this. Giving him money. Tell gentle
Jessica
I will not fail her. Speak it privately. Go, gentlemen,
Will you prepare you for this masque tonight? I am provided of a torchbearer. Ay, marry, Iâll be gone about it straight. And so will I. Meet me and Gratiano
At Gratianoâs lodging some hour hence. âTis good we do so. Was not that letter from fair Jessica? I must needs tell thee all. She hath directed
How I shall take her from her fatherâs house,
What gold and jewels she is furnished with,
What pageâs suit she hath in readiness. If eâer the Jew her father come to heaven,
It will be for his gentle daughterâs sake;
And never dare misfortune cross her foot
Unless she do it under this excuse,
That she is issue to a faithless Jew. Come, go with me. Peruse this as thou goest;
Fair Jessica shall be my torchbearer.FTLN 0817
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65 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 5
SHYLOCK
LANCELET
SHYLOCK
LANCELET
JESSICA
SHYLOCK
LANCELET
SHYLOCK
LANCELETEnter Shylock, the Jew, and Lancelet,
his man that was, the Clown. Well, thou shalt see, thy eyes shall be thy judge,
The difference of old Shylock and Bassanio.â
What, Jessica!âThou shalt not gormandize
As thou hast done with meâwhat, Jessica!â
And sleep, and snore, and rend apparel out.â
Why, Jessica, I say! Why, Jessica! Who bids thee call? I do not bid thee call. Your Worship was wont to tell me I could
do nothing without bidding. Enter Jessica. Call you? What is your will? I am bid forth to supper, Jessica. There are my keys.âBut wherefore should I go? I am not bid for love. They flatter me. But yet Iâll go in hate, to feed upon
The prodigal Christian.âJessica, my girl,
Look to my house.âI am right loath to go. There is some ill a-brewing towards my rest,
For I did dream of money bags tonight. I beseech you, sir, go. My young master
doth expect your reproach. So do I his. And they have conspired togetherâI will
not say you shall see a masque, but if you do, then it
was not
đ Shylock orders Jessica to lock up the house and avoid watching the Christian masquerade festivities from the windows.
đ Lancelet secretly hints to Jessica that she should watch for a Christian who will be 'worth a Jewess' eye,' suggesting Lorenzo's arrival.
đ° Shylock dismisses Lancelet as a lazy servant and sends him to work for Bassanio, hoping he'll waste Bassanio's money.
đŤ Jessica appears disguised as a boy to meet Lorenzo and his friends for her elopement, defying her father's strict orders.
⥠Lorenzo and his friends philosophize about how anticipation exceeds fulfillment, comparing love's pursuit to a ship's journey.
for nothing that my nose fell a-bleeding on
Black Monday last, at six oâclock iâ thâ morning,
falling out that year on Ash Wednesday was four
year in thâ afternoon.Scene 5
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FTLN 0871 67 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 5
SHYLOCK
LANCELET
He exits. SHYLOCK
JESSICA
SHYLOCK
He exits. JESSICA
She exits. What, are there masques? Hear you me, Jessica,
Lock up my doors, and when you hear the drum
And the vile squealing of the wry-necked fife,
Clamber not you up to the casements then,
Nor thrust your head into the public street
To gaze on Christian fools with varnished faces,
But stop my houseâs ears (I mean my casements). Let not the sound of shallow foppâry enter
My sober house. By Jacobâs staff I swear
I have no mind of feasting forth tonight. But I will go.âGo you before me, sirrah. Say I will come. I will go before, sir. Aside to Jessica. Mistress,
look out at window for all this. There will come a Christian by
Will be worth a Jewessâ eye. What says that fool of Hagarâs offspring, ha? His words were âFarewell, mistress,â nothing else. The patch is kind enough, but a huge feeder,
Snail-slow in profit, and he sleeps by day
More than the wildcat. Drones hive not with me,
Therefore I part with him, and part with him
To one that I would have him help to waste
His borrowed purse. Well, Jessica, go in. Perhaps I will return immediately. Do as I bid you. Shut doors after you. Fast bind, fast findâ
A proverb never stale in thrifty mind. Farewell, and if my fortune be not crossed,
I have a father, you a daughter, lost.FTLN 0872
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FTLN 0901 69 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 6
GRATIANO
SALARINO
GRATIANO
SALARINO
GRATIANO
SALARINO
LORENZOEnter the masquers, Gratiano and Salarino. This is the penthouse under which Lorenzo
Desired us to make stand. His hour is almost past. And it is marvel he outdwells his hour,
For lovers ever run before the clock. O, ten times faster Venusâ pigeons fly
To seal loveâs bonds new-made than they are wont
To keep obligèd faith unforfeited. That ever holds. Who riseth from a feast
With that keen appetite that he sits down? Where is the horse that doth untread again
His tedious measures with the unbated fire
That he did pace them first? All things that are,
Are with more spirit chasèd than enjoyed. How like a younger or a prodigal
The scarfèd bark puts from her native bay,
Hugged and embracèd by the strumpet wind;
How like the prodigal doth she return
With overweathered ribs and raggèd sails,
Lean, rent, and beggared by the strumpet wind! Enter Lorenzo. Here comes Lorenzo. More of this hereafter. Sweet friends, your patience for my long abode. Not I but my affairs have made you wait. When you shall please to play the thieves for wives,
Iâll watch as long for you then. Approach. Here dwells my father Jew.âHo! Whoâs within?Scene 6
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FTLN 0927 71 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 6
JESSICA
LORENZO
JESSICA
LORENZO
JESSICA
LORENZO
JESSICA
LORENZO
JESSICA
Jessica exits, above.Enter Jessica above, dressed as a boy. Who are you? Tell me for more certainty,
Albeit Iâll swear that I do know your tongue. Lorenzo, and thy love. Lorenzo certain, and my love indeed,
F
đ° Jessica escapes her father's house disguised as a boy, stealing money while eloping with Lorenzo despite her shame at the deception.
đ The planned masquerade is cancelled due to weather, forcing Bassanio to sail immediately on his important journey.
đŚ Portia presents the Prince of Morocco with three caskets (gold, silver, lead) each bearing cryptic inscriptions about desire, merit, and sacrifice.
âď¸ Morocco deliberates over the caskets, rejecting lead as too base and questioning whether he truly deserves the silver casket's promise.
đ˛ The casket test represents a pivotal moment where Morocco must choose between appealing to common desire, personal worth, or complete self-sacrifice.
or who love I so much? And now who knows
But you, Lorenzo, whether I am yours? Heaven and thy thoughts are witness that thou art. Here, catch this casket; it is worth the pains. I am glad âtis night, you do not look on me,
For I am much ashamed of my exchange. But love is blind, and lovers cannot see
The pretty follies that themselves commit,
For if they could, Cupid himself would blush
To see me thus transformèd to a boy. Descend, for you must be my torchbearer. What, must I hold a candle to my shames? They in themselves, good sooth, are too too light. Why, âtis an office of discovery, love,
And I should be obscured. So are you, sweet,
Even in the lovely garnish of a boy. But come at once,
For the close night doth play the runaway,
And we are stayed for at Bassanioâs feast. I will make fast the doors and gild myself
With some more ducats, and be with you straight. FTLN 0928
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73 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 7
GRATIANO
LORENZO
All but Gratiano exit. ANTONIO
GRATIANO
ANTONIO
GRATIANO
They exit. PORTIA
Now, by my hood, a gentle and no Jew! Beshrew me but I love her heartily,
For she is wise, if I can judge of her,
And fair she is, if that mine eyes be true,
And true she is, as she hath proved herself. And therefore, like herself, wise, fair, and true,
Shall she be placèd in my constant soul. Enter Jessica, below. What, art thou come? On, gentleman, away! Our masquing mates by this time for us stay. Enter Antonio. Whoâs there? Signior Antonio? Fie, fie, Gratiano, where are all the rest? âTis nine oâclock! Our friends all stay for you. No masque tonight; the wind is come about;
Bassanio presently will go aboard. I have sent twenty out to seek for you. I am glad on ât. I desire no more delight
Than to be under sail and gone tonight. Enter Portia with the Prince of Morocco and both
their trains. Go, draw aside the curtains and discoverFTLN 0954
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Scene 7
FTLN 0972 75 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 7
A curtain is drawn. MOROCCO
PORTIA
MOROCCO The several caskets to this noble prince. Now make your choice. This first, of gold, who this inscription bears,
âWho chooseth me shall gain what many men
desireâ;
The second, silver, which this promise carries,
âWho chooseth me shall get as much as he
deservesâ;
This third, dull lead, with warning all as blunt,
âWho chooseth me must give and hazard all he
hath.â
How shall I know if I do choose the right? The one of them contains my picture, prince. If you choose that, then I am yours withal. Some god direct my judgment! Let me see. I will survey thâ inscriptions back again. What says this leaden casket? âWho chooseth me must give and hazard all he
hath.â
Must giveâfor what? For lead? Hazard for lead? This casket threatens. Men that hazard all
Do it in hope of fair advantages. A golden mind stoops not to shows of dross. Iâll then nor give nor hazard aught for lead. What says the silver with her virgin hue? âWho chooseth me shall get as much as he
deserves.â
As much as he deservesâpause there, Morocco,
And weigh thy value with an even hand. If thou beest rated by thy estimation,
Thou dost deserve enough; and yet enough
May not extend so far as to the lady.FTLN 0973
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FTLN 1004 77 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC.
đş Morocco confidently chooses the gold casket, believing his noble birth, fortune, and love make him worthy of Portia's hand in marriage.
đ The gold casket contains only a skull and a scroll with the famous warning 'All that glisters is not gold,' revealing the deception of appearances.
đ Portia expresses relief at Morocco's failure, making a prejudiced comment about his race as he departs in defeat.
đ˘ Meanwhile, Shylock desperately searches for his daughter Jessica and stolen ducats, crying out in the streets about his dual loss of family and fortune.
7
PORTIA And yet to be afeard of my deserving
Were but a weak disabling of myself. As much as I deserveâwhy, thatâs the lady! I do in birth deserve her, and in fortunes,
In graces, and in qualities of breeding,
But more than these, in love I do deserve. What if I strayed no farther, but chose here? Letâs see once more this saying graved in gold:
âWho chooseth me shall gain what many men
desire.â
Why, thatâs the lady! All the world desires her. From the four corners of the Earth they come
To kiss this shrine, this mortal, breathing saint. The Hyrcanian deserts and the vasty wilds
Of wide Arabia are as throughfares now
For princes to come view fair Portia. The watery kingdom, whose ambitious head
Spets in the face of heaven, is no bar
To stop the foreign spirits, but they come
As oâer a brook to see fair Portia. One of these three contains her heavenly picture. Is ât like that lead contains her? âTwere damnation
To think so base a thought. It were too gross
To rib her cerecloth in the obscure grave. Or shall I think in silver sheâs immured,
Being ten times undervalued to tried gold? O, sinful thought! Never so rich a gem
Was set in worse than gold. They have in England
A coin that bears the figure of an angel
Stamped in gold, but thatâs insculped upon;
But here an angel in a golden bed
Lies all within.âDeliver me the key. Here do I choose, and thrive I as I may. There, take it, prince. Handing him the key. And if
my form lie there,
Then I am yours.FTLN 1005
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FTLN 1040 79 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 8
Morocco opens the gold casket. MOROCCO
He exits, with his train. PORTIA
They exit. SALARINO
SOLANIO
SALARINO O hell! What have we here? A carrion death within whose empty eye
There is a written scroll. Iâll read the writing:
All that glisters is not goldâ
Often have you heard that told. Many a man his life hath sold
But my outside to behold. Gilded tombs do worms infold. Had you been as wise as bold,
Young in limbs, in judgment old,
Your answer had not been enscrolled. Fare you well, your suit is cold. Cold indeed and labor lost! Then, farewell, heat, and welcome, frost. Portia, adieu. I have too grieved a heart
To take a tedious leave. Thus losers part. A gentle riddance! Draw the curtains, go. Let all of his complexion choose me so. Enter Salarino and Solanio. Why, man, I saw Bassanio under sail;
With him is Gratiano gone along;
And in their ship I am sure Lorenzo is not. The villain Jew with outcries raised the Duke,
Who went with him to search Bassanioâs ship. He came too late; the ship was under sail. FTLN 1041 70
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FTLN 1064 81 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 8
SOLANIO
SALARINO
SOLANIO
SALARINO
SOLANIO
SALARINO But there the Duke was given to understand
That in a gondola were seen together
Lorenzo and his amorous Jessica. Besides, Antonio certified the Duke
They were not with Bassanio in his ship. I never heard a passion so confused,
So strange, outrageous, and so variable
As the dog Jew did utter in the streets. âMy daughter, O my ducats, O my daughter! Fled with a Christian! O my Christian ducats! Justice, the law, my ducats, and my daughter,
A sealèd bag, two sealèd bags of ducats,
Of double ducats, stolân from me by my daughter,
And jewelsâtwo stones, two rich and precious
stonesâ
Stolân by my daughter! Justice! Find the girl! She hath the stones upon her, and the ducats.â
Why, all th
đ° News spreads in Venice about Shylock's distress over his lost daughter and ducats, while rumors of a wrecked ship worry Antonio's friends.
đ Antonio and Bassanio share an emotional farewell, with Antonio selflessly encouraging Bassanio to focus on courtship rather than worry about the bond.
𤴠The Prince of Arragon arrives to attempt the casket test, taking the required oath that binds him to secrecy and celibacy if he fails.
đĽ Arragon rejects the gold casket for being too popular with the masses and chooses the silver casket, believing he deserves what it promises.
e boys in Venice follow him,
Crying âHis stones, his daughter, and his ducats.â
Let good Antonio look he keep his day,
Or he shall pay for this. Marry, well remembered. I reasoned with a Frenchman yesterday
Who told me, in the Narrow Seas that part
The French and English, there miscarrièd
A vessel of our country richly fraught. I thought upon Antonio when he told me,
And wished in silence that it were not his. You were best to tell Antonio what you hearâ
Yet do not suddenly, for it may grieve him. A kinder gentleman treads not the Earth.FTLN 1065
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FTLN 1095 83 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 9
SOLANIO
SALARINO
They exit. NERISSA
PORTIA I saw Bassanio and Antonio part. Bassanio told him he would make some speed
Of his return. He answered âDo not so. Slubber not business for my sake, Bassanio,
But stay the very riping of the time;
And for the Jewâs bond which he hath of me,
Let it not enter in your mind of love. Be merry, and employ your chiefest thoughts
To courtship and such fair ostents of love
As shall conveniently become you there.â
And even there, his eye being big with tears,
Turning his face, he put his hand behind him,
And with affection wondrous sensible
He wrung Bassanioâs handâand so they parted. I think he only loves the world for him. I pray thee, let us go and find him out
And quicken his embracèd heaviness
With some delight or other. Do we so. Enter Nerissa and a Servitor. Quick, quick, I pray thee, draw the curtain straight. The Prince of Arragon hath taâen his oath
And comes to his election presently. Enter the Prince of Arragon, his train, and Portia. Behold, there stand the caskets, noble prince. If you choose that wherein I am contained,
Straight shall our nuptial rites be solemnized.FTLN 1096
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FTLN 1120 85 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 9
ARRAGON
PORTIA
ARRAGON But if you fail, without more speech, my lord,
You must be gone from hence immediately. I am enjoined by oath to observe three things:
First, never to unfold to anyone
Which casket âtwas I chose; next, if I fail
Of the right casket, never in my life
To woo a maid in way of marriage;
Lastly, if I do fail in fortune of my choice,
Immediately to leave you, and be gone. To these injunctions everyone doth swear
That comes to hazard for my worthless self. And so have I addressed me. Fortune now
To my heartâs hope! Gold, silver, and base lead. âWho chooseth me must give and hazard all he
hath.â
You shall look fairer ere I give or hazard. What says the golden chest? Ha, let me see:
âWho chooseth me shall gain what many men
desire.â
What many men desireâthat âmanyâ may be
meant
By the fool multitude that choose by show,
Not learning more than the fond eye doth teach,
Which pries not to thâ interior, but like the martlet
Builds in the weather on the outward wall,
Even in the force and road of casualty. I will not choose what many men desire,
Because I will not jump with common spirits
And rank me with the barbarous multitudes. Why, then, to thee, thou silver treasure house. Tell me once more what title thou dost bear. âWho chooseth me shall get as much as he
deserves.âFTLN 1121
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đ Prince Arragon chooses the silver casket believing he deserves Portia, but finds only a fool's portrait inside.
đ Arragon delivers a lengthy speech about merit and honor, criticizing how social positions are corruptly obtained rather than earned.
đ The casket contains a mocking poem calling him a fool and warning that those who choose based on appearances receive only shadows.
đ A messenger arrives announcing a young Venetian has come with gifts, and Portia hopes it's Bassanio, her preferred suitor.
149 35
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FTLN 1153 87 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 9
He is given a key. He opens the silver casket. PORTIA
ARRAGON
PORTIA
ARRAGON And well said, too; for who shall go about
To cozen fortune and be honorable
Without the stamp of merit? Let none presume
To wear an undeservèd dignity. O, that estates, degrees, and offices
Were not derived corruptly, and that clear honor
Were purchased by the merit of the wearer! How many then should cover that stand bare? How many be commanded that command? How much low peasantry would then be gleaned
From the true seed of honor? And how much honor
Picked from the chaff and ruin of the times,
To be new varnished? Well, but to my choice. âWho chooseth me shall get as much as he
deserves.â
I will assume desert. Give me a key for this,
And instantly unlock my fortunes here. Too long a pause for that which you find there. Whatâs here? The portrait of a blinking idiot
Presenting me a schedule! I will read it.â
How much unlike art thou to Portia! How much unlike my hopes and my deservings. âWho chooseth me shall have as much as he
deservesâ? Did I deserve no more than a foolâs head? Is that my prize? Are my deserts no better? To offend and judge are distinct offices
And of opposèd natures. What is here? He reads.FTLN 1154 40
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89 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 9
He exits with his train. PORTIA
NERISSA
PORTIA
MESSENGER
PORTIA
MESSENGER The fire seven times tried this;
Seven times tried that judgment is
That did never choose amiss. Some there be that shadows kiss;
Such have but a shadowâs bliss. There be fools alive, iwis,
Silvered oâerâand so was this. Take what wife you will to bed,
I will ever be your head. So begone; you are sped. Still more fool I shall appear
By the time I linger here. With one foolâs head I came to woo,
But I go away with two. Sweet, adieu. Iâll keep my oath,
Patiently to bear my wroth. Thus hath the candle singed the moth. O, these deliberate fools, when they do choose,
They have the wisdom by their wit to lose. The ancient saying is no heresy:
Hanging and wiving goes by destiny. Come, draw the curtain, Nerissa. Enter Messenger. Where is my lady? Here. What would my
lord? Madam, there is alighted at your gate
A young Venetian, one that comes before
To signify thâ approaching of his lord,
From whom he bringeth sensible regreets;
To wit (besides commends and courteous breath),
Gifts of rich value; yet I have not seenFTLN 1183
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FTLN 1213 91 The Merchant of VeniceACT 2. SC. 9
PORTIA
NERISSA
They exit. So likely an ambassador of love. A day in April never came so sweet,
To show how costly summer was at hand,
As this fore-spurrer comes before his lord. No more, I pray thee. I am half afeard
Thou wilt say anon he is some kin to thee,
Thou spendâst such high-day wit in praising him! Come, come, Nerissa, for I long to see
Quick Cupidâs post that comes so mannerly. Bassanio, Lord Love, if thy will it be!FTLN 1214 100
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FTLN 1223 SOLANIO
SALARINO
SOLANIO
SALARINO
SOLANIO
SALARINO
SOLANIOEnter Solanio and Salarino. Now, what news on the Rialto? Why, yet it lives there unchecked that Antonio
hath a ship of rich lading wracked on the
Narrow Seasâthe Goodwins, I think they call the
placeâa very dangerous flat, and fatal, where the
carcasses of many a t
đ° Salarino reports that Antonio has lost another ship at sea, adding to his financial troubles and putting him at risk of defaulting on his bond to Shylock.
đ Shylock expresses bitter pain over his daughter Jessica's elopement, calling her flight a betrayal of his own 'flesh and blood.'
âď¸ Shylock vows revenge against Antonio, reminding him to 'look to his bond' and listing the years of discrimination and mockery he has endured.
𩸠In his famous speech, Shylock argues for Jewish humanity by asking 'Hath not a Jew eyes?' and asserting that Jews feel pain, joy, and seek revenge just like Christians do.
all ship lie buried, as they say,
if my gossip Report be an honest woman of her
word. I would she were as lying a gossip in that as
ever knapped ginger or made her neighbors believe
she wept for the death of a third husband. But
it is true, without any slips of prolixity or crossing
the plain highway of talk, that the good Antonio,
the honest AntonioâO, that I had a title good
enough to keep his name company!â
Come, the full stop. Ha, what sayest thou? Why, the end is, he
hath lost a ship. I would it might prove the end of his losses. Let me say âamenâ betimes, lest the devil
cross my prayer, for here he comes in the likeness
of a Jew. Enter Shylock. 95ACT 3
Scene 1
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FTLN 1245 97 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 1
SHYLOCK
SALARINO
SOLANIO
SHYLOCK
SALARINO
SHYLOCK
SOLANIO
SHYLOCK
SALARINO
SHYLOCK
SALARINO
SHYLOCK How now, Shylock, what news among the
merchants? You knew, none so well, none so well as you,
of my daughterâs flight. Thatâs certain. I for my part knew the tailor
that made the wings she flew withal. And Shylock for his own part knew the bird
was fledge, and then it is the complexion of them
all to leave the dam. She is damned for it. Thatâs certain, if the devil may be her judge. My own flesh and blood to rebel! Out upon it, old carrion! Rebels it at these
years? I say my daughter is my flesh and my blood. There is more difference between thy flesh
and hers than between jet and ivory, more between
your bloods than there is between red wine and
Rhenish. But tell us, do you hear whether Antonio
have had any loss at sea or no? There I have another bad match! A bankrout,
a prodigal, who dare scarce show his head on
the Rialto, a beggar that was used to come so smug
upon the mart! Let him look to his bond. He was
wont to call me usurer; let him look to his bond. He
was wont to lend money for a Christian curâsy; let
him look to his bond. Why, I am sure if he forfeit, thou wilt not
take his flesh! Whatâs that good for? To bait fish withal; if it will feed nothing else,
it will feed my revenge. He hath disgraced me and
hindered me half a million, laughed at my losses,
mocked at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted
my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemiesâ
and whatâs his reason? I am a Jew. Hath not
a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions,FTLN 1246
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FTLN 1281 99 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 1
SERVINGMAN
SALARINO
SOLANIO
Salarino, Solanio, and the Servingman exit. SHYLOCK
TUBAL
SHYLOCK senses, affections, passions? Fed with the
same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to
the same diseases, healed by the same means,
warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer
as a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not
bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you
poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall
we not revenge? If we are like you in the rest, we will
resemble you in that. If a Jew wrong a Christian,
what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong
a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian
example? Why, revenge! The villainy you teach me I
will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the
instruction. Enter a man from Antonio. Gentlemen, my master Antonio is at his
house and desires to speak with you both. We have been up and down to seek him. Enter Tubal. Here comes another of the tribe; a third
cannot be matched unless the devil himself turn
đ Shylock discovers his daughter Jessica has fled with his precious jewels, including a diamond worth 2,000 ducats, causing him profound grief and rage.
âď¸ Tubal brings news that Antonio's ship has been wrecked, giving Shylock hope for revenge through their bond agreement.
đ Shylock is devastated to learn Jessica traded his turquoise ring from his late wife Leah for a monkey, showing his deep emotional attachment to memories.
đď¸ Shylock immediately arranges to hire an officer to arrest Antonio when his debt comes due, planning to claim his pound of flesh.
đ The scene shifts to Portia confessing her growing feelings for Bassanio while urging him to delay choosing the casket that will determine their fate.
Jew. How now, Tubal, what news from Genoa? Hast thou found my daughter? I often came where I did hear of her, but
cannot find her. Why, there, there, there, there! A diamond
gone cost me two thousand ducats in Frankfurt! The curse never fell upon our nation till now, I
never felt it till now. Two thousand ducats in that,
and other precious, precious jewels! I would my
daughter were dead at my foot and the jewels in her
ear; would she were hearsed at my foot and theFTLN 1282
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FTLN 1312 101 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 1
TUBAL
SHYLOCK
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TUBAL
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TUBAL
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TUBAL
SHYLOCK ducats in her coffin. No news of them? Why so? And
I know not whatâs spent in the search! Why, thou
loss upon loss! The thief gone with so much, and so
much to find the thief, and no satisfaction, no
revenge, nor no ill luck stirring but what lights aâ my
shoulders, no sighs but aâ my breathing, no tears but
aâ my shedding. Yes, other men have ill luck, too. Antonio, as I
heard in Genoaâ
What, what, what? Ill luck, ill luck? âhath an argosy cast away coming from
Tripolis. I thank God, I thank God! Is it true, is it true? I spoke with some of the sailors that escaped
the wrack. I thank thee, good Tubal. Good news, good
news! Ha, ha, heard in Genoaâ
Your daughter spent in Genoa, as I heard, one
night fourscore ducats. Thou stickâst a dagger in me. I shall never
see my gold again. Fourscore ducats at a sitting,
fourscore ducats! There came divers of Antonioâs creditors in my
company to Venice that swear he cannot choose
but break. I am very glad of it. Iâll plague him, Iâll
torture him. I am glad of it. One of them showed me a ring that he had of
your daughter for a monkey. Out upon her! Thou torturest me, Tubal. It
was my turquoise! I had it of Leah when I was a
bachelor. I would not have given it for a wilderness
of monkeys. But Antonio is certainly undone. Nay, thatâs true, thatâs very true. Go, Tubal,
fee me an officer. Bespeak him a fortnight before. IFTLN 1313 90
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FTLN 1348 125 103 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 2
They exit. PORTIA will have the heart of him if he forfeit, for were he
out of Venice I can make what merchandise I will. Go, Tubal, and meet me at our synagogue. Go, good
Tubal, at our synagogue, Tubal. Enter Bassanio, Portia, and all their trains, Gratiano,
Nerissa. I pray you tarry, pause a day or two
Before you hazard, for in choosing wrong
I lose your company; therefore forbear a while. Thereâs something tells me (but it is not love)
I would not lose you, and you know yourself
Hate counsels not in such a quality. But lest you should not understand me well
(And yet a maiden hath no tongue but thought)
I would detain you here some month or two
Before you venture for me. I could teach you
How to choose right, but then I am forsworn. So will I never be. So may you miss me. But if you do, youâll make me wish a sin,
That I had been forsworn. Beshrew your eyes,
They have oâerlooked me and divided me. One half of me is yours, the other half yoursâ
Mine own, I would sayâbut if mine, then yours,
And so all yours. O, these naughty times
Puts bars between the owners and their rights! And so though yours, not yours. Prove it so,
Let Fortune go to hell for it, not I.
I speak too long, but âtis to peize
đ Bassanio compares his anxiety about choosing the correct casket to being tortured on a rack, while Portia playfully engages in wordplay about confession and love.
đľ Music plays during the casket test, with Portia comparing it to either a swan song if he fails or triumphant fanfare if he succeeds.
đď¸ A song warns that 'fancy' (superficial attraction) is bred in the eye through gazing but dies quickly, hinting at the test's deeper meaning.
đ Bassanio delivers a philosophical speech about how outward appearances deceive, noting that corrupt pleas, false religious teachings, and cowardly men all hide behind beautiful ornaments.
the time,
To eche it, and to draw it out in length,
To stay you from election.FTLN 1349
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FTLN 1376 105 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 2
BASSANIO
PORTIA
BASSANIO
PORTIA
BASSANIO
PORTIA
BASSANIO
PORTIA Let me choose,
For as I am, I live upon the rack. Upon the rack, Bassanio? Then confess
What treason there is mingled with your love. None but that ugly treason of mistrust,
Which makes me fear thâ enjoying of my love. There may as well be amity and life
âTween snow and fire, as treason and my love. Ay, but I fear you speak upon the rack
Where men enforcèd do speak anything. Promise me life and Iâll confess the truth. Well, then, confess and live. âConfess and loveâ
Had been the very sum of my confession. O happy torment, when my torturer
Doth teach me answers for deliverance! But let me to my fortune and the caskets. Away, then. I am locked in one of them. If you do love me, you will find me out.â
Nerissa and the rest, stand all aloof. Let music sound while he doth make his choice. Then if he lose he makes a swanlike end,
Fading in music. That the comparison
May stand more proper, my eye shall be the stream
And watâry deathbed for him. He may win,
And what is music then? Then music is
Even as the flourish when true subjects bow
To a new-crownèd monarch. Such it is
As are those dulcet sounds in break of day
That creep into the dreaming bridegroomâs ear
And summon him to marriage. Now he goes,FTLN 1377 25
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ALL
BASSANIO With no less presence but with much more love
Than young Alcides when he did redeem
The virgin tribute paid by howling Troy
To the sea-monster. I stand for sacrifice;
The rest aloof are the Dardanian wives,
With blearèd visages, come forth to view
The issue of thâ exploit. Go, Hercules! Live thou, I live. With much much more dismay
I view the fight than thou that makâst the fray. A song the whilst Bassanio comments on
the caskets to himself. Tell me where is fancy bred,
Or in the heart, or in the head? How begot, how nourishèd? Reply, reply. It is engendered in the eye,
With gazing fed, and fancy dies
In the cradle where it lies. Let us all ring fancyâs knell. Iâll begin it.âDing, dong, bell. Ding, dong, bell. So may the outward shows be least themselves;
The world is still deceived with ornament. In law, what plea so tainted and corrupt
But, being seasoned with a gracious voice,
Obscures the show of evil? In religion,
What damnèd error but some sober brow
Will bless it and approve it with a text,
Hiding the grossness with fair ornament? There is no vice so simple but assumes
Some mark of virtue on his outward parts. How many cowards whose hearts are all as false
As stairs of sand, wear yet upon their chins
The beards of Hercules and frowning Mars,FTLN 1408
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FTLN 1439 109 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 2
Bassanio is given a key. PORTIA
Bassanio opens the lead casket. BASSANIO Who inward searched have livers white as milk,
And these assume but valorâs excrement
To render them redoubted. Look on beauty,
And you shall see âtis purchased by
đş Bassanio rejects the gold and silver caskets, recognizing that ornament and appearances often deceive and hide dangerous truths beneath beautiful surfaces.
đ He chooses the lead casket despite its plain appearance, demonstrating wisdom in valuing substance over superficial beauty and rejecting society's materialistic values.
đźď¸ Upon opening the casket, Bassanio discovers Portia's portrait and is overwhelmed by its lifelike beauty, marveling at the artist's skill in capturing her essence.
đ Portia joyfully accepts Bassanio's successful choice and offers herself and all her possessions to him, giving him a ring as a symbol of their bond.
the weight,
Which therein works a miracle in nature,
Making them lightest that wear most of it. So are those crispèd snaky golden locks,
Which maketh such wanton gambols with the wind
Upon supposèd fairness, often known
To be the dowry of a second head,
The skull that bred them in the sepulcher. Thus ornament is but the guilèd shore
To a most dangerous sea, the beauteous scarf
Veiling an Indian beauty; in a word,
The seeming truth which cunning times put on
To entrap the wisest. Therefore, then, thou gaudy
gold,
Hard food for Midas, I will none of thee. Nor none of thee, thou pale and common drudge
âTween man and man. But thou, thou meager lead,
Which rather threatenâst than dost promise aught,
Thy paleness moves me more than eloquence,
And here choose I. Joy be the consequence! , aside
How all the other passions fleet to air,
As doubtful thoughts and rash embraced despair,
And shuddâring fear, and green-eyed jealousy! O love, be moderate, allay thy ecstasy,
In measure rain thy joy, scant this excess! I feel too much thy blessing. Make it less,
For fear I surfeit. What find I here? Fair Portiaâs counterfeit! What demigod
Hath come so near creation? Move these eyes?FTLN 1440
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FTLN 1472 120 111 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 2
PORTIA Or whether, riding on the balls of mine,
Seem they in motion? Here are severed lips
Parted with sugar breath; so sweet a bar
Should sunder such sweet friends. Here in her hairs
The painter plays the spider, and hath woven
A golden mesh tâ entrap the hearts of men
Faster than gnats in cobwebs. But her eyes! How could he see to do them? Having made one,
Methinks it should have power to steal both his
And leave itself unfurnished. Yet look how far
The substance of my praise doth wrong this shadow
In underprizing it, so far this shadow
Doth limp behind the substance. Hereâs the scroll,
The continent and summary of my fortune. He reads the scroll. You that choose not by the view
Chance as fair and choose as true. Since this fortune falls to you,
Be content and seek no new. If you be well pleased with this
And hold your fortune for your bliss,
Turn you where your lady is,
And claim her with a loving kiss. A gentle scroll! Fair lady, by your leave,
I come by note to give and to receive. Like one of two contending in a prize
That thinks he hath done well in peopleâs eyes,
Hearing applause and universal shout,
Giddy in spirit, still gazing in a doubt
Whether those peals of praise be his or no,
So, thrice-fair lady, stand I even so,
As doubtful whether what I see be true,
Until confirmed, signed, ratified by you. You see me, Lord Bassanio, where I stand,
Such as I am. Though for myself aloneFTLN 1473
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FTLN 1506 113 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 2
Handing him a ring. BASSANIO I would not be ambitious in my wish
To wish myself much better, yet for you
I would be trebled twenty times myself,
A thousand times more fair, ten thousand times
More rich, that only to stand high in your account
I might in virtues, beauties, livings, friends,
Exceed account. But the full sum of me
Is sum of something, which, to term in gross,
Is an unlessoned girl, unschooled, unpracticed;
Happy in this, she is not yet so old
But she may learn; happier than this,
She is not bred so dull but she can learn;
Happi
đ Portia surrenders all her wealth, property, and independence to Bassanio along with a ring that symbolizes their love and commitment.
âď¸ The ring carries a dire warning - if Bassanio ever loses, gives away, or parts with it, it will signal the destruction of their love.
đ Bassanio responds with equal devotion, declaring that his life will end before he parts with the ring.
đŤ Gratiano and Nerissa announce their own engagement, having fallen in love while their masters courted, and the celebration is interrupted by news from Venice about Antonio.
est of all, is that her gentle spirit
Commits itself to yours to be directed
As from her lord, her governor, her king. Myself, and what is mine, to you and yours
Is now converted. But now I was the lord
Of this fair mansion, master of my servants,
Queen oâer myself; and even now, but now,
This house, these servants, and this same myself
Are yours, my lordâs. I give them with this ring,
Which, when you part from, lose, or give away,
Let it presage the ruin of your love,
And be my vantage to exclaim on you. Madam, you have bereft me of all words. Only my blood speaks to you in my veins,
And there is such confusion in my powers
As after some oration fairly spoke
By a belovèd prince there doth appear
Among the buzzing pleasèd multitude,
Where every something being blent together
Turns to a wild of nothing, save of joy
Expressed and not expressed. But when this ring
Parts from this finger, then parts life from hence. O, then be bold to say Bassanioâs dead!FTLN 1507 155
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FTLN 1541 115 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 2
NERISSA
GRATIANO
BASSANIO
GRATIANO
PORTIA
NERISSA
BASSANIO
GRATIANO
BASSANIO
GRATIANO
My lord and lady, it is now our time,
That have stood by and seen our wishes prosper,
To cry âGood joy, good joy, my lord and lady!â
My Lord Bassanio, and my gentle lady,
I wish you all the joy that you can wish,
For I am sure you can wish none from me. And when your honors mean to solemnize
The bargain of your faith, I do beseech you
Even at that time I may be married too. With all my heart, so thou canst get a wife. I thank your Lordship, you have got me one. My eyes, my lord, can look as swift as yours:
You saw the mistress, I beheld the maid. You loved, I loved; for intermission
No more pertains to me, my lord, than you. Your fortune stood upon the caskets there,
And so did mine, too, as the matter falls. For wooing here until I sweat again,
And swearing till my very roof was dry
With oaths of love, at last (if promise last)
I got a promise of this fair one here
To have her love, provided that your fortune
Achieved her mistress. Is this true, Nerissa? Madam, it is, so you stand pleased withal. And do you, Gratiano, mean good faith? Yes, faith, my lord. Our feast shall be much honored in your marriage. Weâll play with them the first boy for a
thousand ducats.FTLN 1542 190
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FTLN 1571 117 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 2
NERISSA
GRATIANO
BASSANIO
PORTIA
LORENZO
SALERIO
Handing him a paper. BASSANIO
SALERIO
Bassanio opens the letter. GRATIANO What, and stake down? No, we shall neâer win at that sport and
stake down. Enter Lorenzo, Jessica, and Salerio, a messenger
from Venice. But who comes here? Lorenzo and his infidel? What, and my old Venetian friend Salerio? Lorenzo and Salerio, welcome hitherâ
If that the youth of my new intârest here
Have power to bid you welcome. To Portia. By
your leave,
I bid my very friends and countrymen,
Sweet Portia, welcome. So do I, my lord. They are entirely welcome. , to Bassanio
I thank your Honor. For my part, my lord,
My purpose was not to have seen you here,
But meeting with Salerio by the way,
He did entreat me past all saying nay
To come with him along. I did, my lord,
And I have reason for it. Signior Antonio
Commends him to you. Ere I ope his letter,
I pray you tell me how my good friend doth. Not
âď¸ Portia offers to pay Antonio's debt twenty times over, but Bassanio must rush to Venice to help his friend who faces death.
đ Shylock repeatedly refuses all pleas for mercy, obsessively declaring 'I'll have my bond' and demanding his pound of flesh.
đ° Antonio explains that Shylock hates him because he has previously helped others escape the moneylender's harsh contracts.
đď¸ The Duke cannot deny Shylock's legal claim because Venice's commerce depends on maintaining justice for all foreign traders.
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BASSANIO
PORTIA
BASSANIO
They exit. SHYLOCK First go with me to church and call me wife,
And then away to Venice to your friend! For never shall you lie by Portiaâs side
With an unquiet soul. You shall have gold
To pay the petty debt twenty times over. When it is paid, bring your true friend along. My maid Nerissa and myself meantime
Will live as maids and widows. Come, away,
For you shall hence upon your wedding day. Bid your friends welcome, show a merry cheer;
Since you are dear bought, I will love you dear. But let me hear the letter of your friend. reads
Sweet Bassanio, my ships have all miscarried, my
creditors grow cruel, my estate is very low, my bond to
the Jew is forfeit, and since in paying it, it is impossible
I should live, all debts are cleared between you and I if
I might but see you at my death. Notwithstanding, use
your pleasure. If your love do not persuade you to
come, let not my letter. O love, dispatch all business and begone! Since I have your good leave to go away,
I will make haste. But till I come again,
No bed shall eâer be guilty of my stay,
Nor rest be interposer âtwixt us twain. Enter Shylock, the Jew, and Solanio, and Antonio,
and the Jailer. Jailer, look to him. Tell not me of mercy.FTLN 1668
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Scene 3
FTLN 1692 125 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 3
ANTONIO
SHYLOCK
ANTONIO
SHYLOCK
He exits. SOLANIO
ANTONIO
SOLANIO
ANTONIO This is the fool that lent out money gratis. Jailer, look to him. Hear me yet, good Shylockâ
Iâll have my bond. Speak not against my bond. I have sworn an oath that I will have my bond. Thou callâdst me dog before thou hadst a cause,
But since I am a dog, beware my fangs. The Duke shall grant me justice.âI do wonder,
Thou naughty jailer, that thou art so fond
To come abroad with him at his request. I pray thee, hear me speakâ
Iâll have my bond. I will not hear thee speak. Iâll have my bond, and therefore speak no more. Iâll not be made a soft and dull-eyed fool,
To shake the head, relent, and sigh, and yield
To Christian intercessors. Follow not! Iâll have no speaking. I will have my bond. It is the most impenetrable cur
That ever kept with men. Let him alone. Iâll follow him no more with bootless prayers. He seeks my life. His reason well I know:
I oft delivered from his forfeitures
Many that have at times made moan to me. Therefore he hates me. I am sure the Duke
Will never grant this forfeiture to hold. The Duke cannot deny the course of law,
For the commodity that strangers have
With us in Venice, if it be denied,
Will much impeach the justice of the state,
Since that the trade and profit of the cityFTLN 1693
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FTLN 1724 127 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 4
They exit. LORENZO
PORTIA Consisteth of all nations. Therefore go. These griefs and losses have so bated me
That I shall hardly spare a pound of flesh
Tomorrow to my bloody creditor.â
Well, jailer, on.âPray God Bassanio come
To see me pay his debt, and then I care not. Enter Portia, Nerissa, Lorenzo, Jessica, and Balthazar,
a man of Portiaâs. Madam, although I speak it in your presence,
You have a noble and a true conceit
Of godlike amity, which appears most strongly
In bearing thus the absence of your lord. But if you knew to whom you show this honor,
How true a gentleman you send rel
đ Bassanio receives devastating news that his dear friend Antonio's merchant ships have all been lost, leaving him unable to repay his debt to Shylock.
âď¸ Shylock refuses all monetary offers and insists on collecting the pound of flesh from Antonio's bond, despite pleas from merchants and the Duke.
đ° Portia immediately offers to pay six thousand ducats, even trebling it to eighteen thousand, to save Antonio from Shylock's deadly contract.
đ Bassanio reveals his guilt over his role in Antonio's predicament, having engaged his friend to his 'mere enemy' to fund his own pursuits.
sick, my lord, unless it be in mind,
Nor well, unless in mind. His letter there
Will show you his estate. Nerissa, cheer yond stranger, bid her welcome.â
Your hand, Salerio. Whatâs the news from Venice?FTLN 1572 220
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FTLN 1599 119 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 2
SALERIO
PORTIA
BASSANIO How doth that royal merchant, good Antonio? I know he will be glad of our success. We are the Jasons, we have won the Fleece. I would you had won the fleece that he hath lost. There are some shrewd contents in yond same
paper
That steals the color from Bassanioâs cheek. Some dear friend dead, else nothing in the world
Could turn so much the constitution
Of any constant man. What, worse and worse?â
With leave, Bassanio, I am half yourself,
And I must freely have the half of anything
That this same paper brings you. O sweet Portia,
Here are a few of the unpleasantâst words
That ever blotted paper. Gentle lady,
When I did first impart my love to you,
I freely told you all the wealth I had
Ran in my veins: I was a gentleman. And then I told you true; and yet, dear lady,
Rating myself at nothing, you shall see
How much I was a braggart. When I told you
My state was nothing, I should then have told you
That I was worse than nothing; for indeed
I have engaged myself to a dear friend,
Engaged my friend to his mere enemy
To feed my means. Here is a letter, lady,
The paper as the body of my friend,
And every word in it a gaping wound
Issuing life blood.âBut is it true, Salerio? Hath all his ventures failed? What, not one hit? From Tripolis, from Mexico and England,
From Lisbon, Barbary, and India,
And not one vessel âscape the dreadful touch
Of merchant-marring rocks?FTLN 1600
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FTLN 1634 121 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 2
SALERIO
JESSICA
PORTIA
BASSANIO
PORTIA
BASSANIO
PORTIA Not one, my lord. Besides, it should appear that if he had
The present money to discharge the Jew,
He would not take it. Never did I know
A creature that did bear the shape of man
So keen and greedy to confound a man. He plies the Duke at morning and at night,
And doth impeach the freedom of the state
If they deny him justice. Twenty merchants,
The Duke himself, and the magnificoes
Of greatest port have all persuaded with him,
But none can drive him from the envious plea
Of forfeiture, of justice, and his bond. When I was with him, I have heard him swear
To Tubal and to Chus, his countrymen,
That he would rather have Antonioâs flesh
Than twenty times the value of the sum
That he did owe him. And I know, my lord,
If law, authority, and power deny not,
It will go hard with poor Antonio. Is it your dear friend that is thus in trouble? The dearest friend to me, the kindest man,
The best conditioned and unwearied spirit
In doing courtesies, and one in whom
The ancient Roman honor more appears
Than any that draws breath in Italy. What sum owes he the Jew? For me, three thousand ducats. What, no more? Pay him six thousand and deface the bond. Double six thousand and then treble that,
Before a friend of this description
Shall lose a hair through Bassanioâs fault.FTLN 1635
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Portia justifies helping Antonio by reasoning that since he's Bassanio's dear friend, he must share similar noble qualities and be worth saving.
Portia deceives Lorenzo and Jessica by claiming she will retreat to a monastery for prayer and contemplation until Bassanio returns.
Portia secretly sends Balthazar to Padua to retrieve legal documents and disguises from her cousin Doctor Bellario.
Portia reveals to Nerissa her plan to dress as young men and appear before their husbands in disguise, boasting about her ability to convincingly perform masculinity.
The scene establishes Portia's elaborate scheme to intervene in Antonio's trial while maintaining the illusion of religious retreat.
ief,
How dear a lover of my lord your husband,
I know you would be prouder of the work
Than customary bounty can enforce you. I never did repent for doing good,
Nor shall not now; for in companions
That do converse and waste the time together,
Whose souls do bear an equal yoke of love,
There must be needs a like proportion
Of lineaments, of manners, and of spirit;
Which makes me think that this Antonio,
Being the bosom lover of my lord,
Must needs be like my lord. If it be so,
How little is the cost I have bestowed
In purchasing the semblance of my soul
From out the state of hellish cruelty!FTLN 1725
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FTLN 1751 129 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 4
LORENZO
PORTIA
LORENZO
JESSICA
PORTIA
Lorenzo and Jessica exit. She gives him a paper. This comes too near the praising of myself;
Therefore no more of it. Hear other things:
Lorenzo, I commit into your hands
The husbandry and manage of my house
Until my lordâs return. For mine own part,
I have toward heaven breathed a secret vow
To live in prayer and contemplation,
Only attended by Nerissa here,
Until her husband and my lordâs return. There is a monastery two miles off,
And there we will abide. I do desire you
Not to deny this imposition,
The which my love and some necessity
Now lays upon you. Madam, with all my heart. I shall obey you in all fair commands. My people do already know my mind
And will acknowledge you and Jessica
In place of Lord Bassanio and myself. So fare you well till we shall meet again. Fair thoughts and happy hours attend on you! I wish your Ladyship all heartâs content. I thank you for your wish, and am well pleased
To wish it back on you. Fare you well, Jessica. Now, Balthazar,
As I have ever found thee honest true,
So let me find thee still: take this same letter,
And use thou all thâ endeavor of a man
In speed to Padua. See thou render this
Into my cousinâs hands, Doctor Bellario.FTLN 1752
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131 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 4
BALTHAZAR
He exits. PORTIA
NERISSA
PORTIA
NERISSA
PORTIA And look what notes and garments he doth give
thee,
Bring them, I pray thee, with imagined speed
Unto the traject, to the common ferry
Which trades to Venice. Waste no time in words,
But get thee gone. I shall be there before thee. Madam, I go with all convenient speed. Come on, Nerissa, I have work in hand
That you yet know not of. Weâll see our husbands
Before they think of us. Shall they see us? They shall, Nerissa, but in such a habit
That they shall think we are accomplishèd
With that we lack. Iâll hold thee any wager,
When we are both accoutered like young men,
Iâll prove the prettier fellow of the two,
And wear my dagger with the braver grace,
And speak between the change of man and boy
With a reed voice, and turn two mincing steps
Into a manly stride, and speak of frays
Like a fine bragging youth, and tell quaint lies
How honorable ladies sought my love,
Which I denying, they fell sick and diedâ
I could not do withal!âthen Iâll repent,
And wish, for all that, that I had not killed them. And twenty of these puny lies Iâll tell,
That men shall swear I have discontinued school
Above a twelvemonth. I have within my mind
A thousand raw tricks of these bragging jacks
Which I will practice. Why, shall we turn to men? Fie, what a questionâs that,
If thou wert near a lewd interpreter!FTLN 1782
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đĽ Lancelet playfully torments Jessica by claiming she's damned both through her Jewish father's sins and her mother's potential adultery, leaving her 'gone both ways.'
âď¸ Jessica counters that her conversion to Christianity through marriage to Lorenzo should save her soul from damnation.
đĽ Lancelet humorously argues that converting Jews to Christianity will raise pork prices since there will be more pork-eaters competing for the same supply.
đ The scene showcases Shakespeare's wordplay through Lancelet's deliberate misunderstanding of Lorenzo's dinner instructions, demonstrating wit through linguistic confusion.
1788
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FTLN 1814 133 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 5
They exit. LANCELET
JESSICA
LANCELET
JESSICA
LANCELET
JESSICA
LANCELET But come, Iâll tell thee all my whole device
When I am in my coach, which stays for us
At the park gate; and therefore haste away,
For we must measure twenty miles today. Enter Lancelet, the Clown, and Jessica. Yes, truly, for look you, the sins of the father
are to be laid upon the children. Therefore I
promise you I fear you. I was always plain with you,
and so now I speak my agitation of the matter. Therefore be oâ good cheer, for truly I think you
are damned. There is but one hope in it that can do
you any good, and that is but a kind of bastard hope
neither. And what hope is that, I pray thee? Marry, you may partly hope that your father
got you not, that you are not the Jewâs daughter. That were a kind of bastard hope indeed; so
the sins of my mother should be visited upon me! Truly, then, I fear you are damned both by
father and mother; thus when I shun Scylla your
father, I fall into Charybdis your mother. Well, you
are gone both ways. I shall be saved by my husband. He hath made
me a Christian. Truly the more to blame he! We were Christians
enow before, eâen as many as could well live
one by another. This making of Christians will
raise the price of hogs. If we grow all to be pork
eaters, we shall not shortly have a rasher on the
coals for money. Enter Lorenzo.FTLN 1815 85
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FTLN 1843 25 135 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 5
JESSICA
LORENZO
JESSICA
LORENZO
LANCELET
LORENZO
LANCELET
LORENZO
LANCELET
LORENZO
LANCELET
LORENZO
LANCELET Iâll tell my husband, Lancelet, what you say. Here he comes. I shall grow jealous of you shortly, Lancelet,
if you thus get my wife into corners! Nay, you need not fear us, Lorenzo. Lancelet
and I are out. He tells me flatly thereâs no mercy for
me in heaven because I am a Jewâs daughter; and
he says you are no good member of the commonwealth,
for in converting Jews to Christians you
raise the price of pork. I shall answer that better to the commonwealth
than you can the getting up of the Negroâs
belly! The Moor is with child by you, Lancelet. It is much that the Moor should be more
than reason; but if she be less than an honest
woman, she is indeed more than I took her for. How every fool can play upon the word! I
think the best grace of wit will shortly turn into
silence, and discourse grow commendable in none
only but parrots. Go in, sirrah, bid them prepare for
dinner. That is done, sir. They have all stomachs. Goodly Lord, what a wit-snapper are you! Then bid them prepare dinner. That is done too, sir, only âcoverâ is the
word. Will you cover, then, sir? Not so, sir, neither! I know my duty. Yet more quarreling with occasion! Wilt
thou show the whole wealth of thy wit in an
instant? I pray thee understand a plain man in his
plain meaning: go to thy fellows, bid them cover the
table, serve in the meat, and we will come in to
dinner. For the table, sir, it shall be served in; for
the meat, sir, it shall be covered; for your coming inFTLN 1844
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đ Lorenzo and Jessica engage in playful banter, with Lorenzo praising Portia as incomparable and Jessica demanding equal recognition.
âď¸ The Duke opens Antonio's trial, describing Shylock as a 'stony adversary' and 'inhuman wretch' incapable of mercy.
đ¤ Antonio accepts his fate with resigned dignity, prepared to suffer Shylock's 'tyranny and rage' with quiet spirit.
đŞ Shylock enters court determined to collect his pound of flesh, dismissing the Duke's expectation of mercy and comparing his desire to arbitrary personal preferences like disliking certain foods.
7
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FTLN 1879 137 The Merchant of VeniceACT 3. SC. 5
Lancelet exits. LORENZO
JESSICA
LORENZO
JESSICA
LORENZO
JESSICA
LORENZO
JESSICA
They exit. to dinner, sir, why, let it be as humors and conceits
shall govern. O dear discretion, how his words are suited! The fool hath planted in his memory
An army of good words, and I do know
A many fools that stand in better place,
Garnished like him, that for a tricksy word
Defy the matter. How cheerâst thou, Jessica? And now, good sweet, say thy opinion
How dost thou like the Lord Bassanioâs wife? Past all expressing. It is very meet
The Lord Bassanio live an upright life,
For having such a blessing in his lady
He finds the joys of heaven here on Earth,
And if on Earth he do not merit it,
In reason he should never come to heaven. Why, if two gods should play some heavenly match,
And on the wager lay two earthly women,
And Portia one, there must be something else
Pawned with the other, for the poor rude world
Hath not her fellow. Even such a husband
Hast thou of me as she is for a wife. Nay, but ask my opinion too of that! I will anon. First let us go to dinner. Nay, let me praise you while I have a stomach! No, pray thee, let it serve for table talk. Then howsomeâer thou speakâst, âmong other things
I shall digest it. Well, Iâll set you forth.FTLN 1880
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DUKE
ANTONIO
DUKE
ANTONIO
DUKE
SALERIO
DUKEEnter the Duke, the Magnificoes, Antonio, Bassanio,
Salerio, and Gratiano, with Attendants. What, is Antonio here? Ready, so please your Grace. I am sorry for thee. Thou art come to answer
A stony adversary, an inhuman wretch,
Uncapable of pity, void and empty
From any dram of mercy. I have heard
Your Grace hath taâen great pains to qualify
His rigorous course; but since he stands obdurate,
And that no lawful means can carry me
Out of his envyâs reach, I do oppose
My patience to his fury, and am armed
To suffer with a quietness of spirit
The very tyranny and rage of his. Go, one, and call the Jew into the court. He is ready at the door. He comes, my lord. Enter Shylock. Make room, and let him stand before our face.â
141ACT 4
Scene 1
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FTLN 1926 143 The Merchant of VeniceACT 4. SC. 1
SHYLOCK Shylock, the world thinks, and I think so too,
That thou but leadest this fashion of thy malice
To the last hour of act, and then, âtis thought,
Thou âlt show thy mercy and remorse more strange
Than is thy strange apparent cruelty;
And where thou now exacts the penalty,
Which is a pound of this poor merchantâs flesh,
Thou wilt not only loose the forfeiture,
But, touched with humane gentleness and love,
Forgive a moiâty of the principal,
Glancing an eye of pity on his losses
That have of late so huddled on his back,
Enow to press a royal merchant down
And pluck commiseration of his state
From brassy bosoms and rough hearts of flint,
From stubborn Turks, and Tartars never trained
To offices of tender courtesy. We all expect a gentle answer, Jew. I have possessed your Grace of what I purpose,
And by our holy Sabbath have I sworn
To have the due and forfeit of my bond. If you deny it, let the danger light
Upon your charter and your cityâs freedom! Youâll ask me why I rather choose to have
A weight of carrion flesh than to receive
Three thousand ducats. Iâll not answer that,
But say it is my humor. Is it answered? What if my house be troubled with a rat,
And I be pleased to give ten thousand ducats
To have it baned? What, are you answered yet? Some men there are love not a gaping pig,
Some
âď¸ Shylock argues that hatred needs no rational explanation, comparing his loathing of Antonio to people's inexplicable phobias and aversions.
đ° Despite being offered double the original debt (six thousand ducats instead of three thousand), Shylock refuses payment and demands his bond of flesh.
đď¸ Shylock delivers a powerful argument about slavery, pointing out the hypocrisy of Venetians who own slaves yet question his legal right to claim what he purchased.
đ The Duke delays judgment by waiting for a learned doctor from Padua, while Shylock sharpens his knife and demands legal justice over mercy.
that are mad if they behold a cat,
And others, when the bagpipe sings iâ thâ nose,
Cannot contain their urine; for affection
Masters oft passion, sways it to the moodFTLN 1927
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145 The Merchant of VeniceACT 4. SC. 1
BASSANIO
SHYLOCK
BASSANIO
SHYLOCK
BASSANIO
SHYLOCK
ANTONIO Of what it likes or loathes. Now for your answer:
As there is no firm reason to be rendered
Why he cannot abide a gaping pig,
Why he a harmless necessary cat,
Why he a woolen bagpipe, but of force
Must yield to such inevitable shame
As to offend, himself being offended,
So can I give no reason, nor I will not,
More than a lodged hate and a certain loathing
I bear Antonio, that I follow thus
A losing suit against him. Are you answered? This is no answer, thou unfeeling man,
To excuse the current of thy cruelty. I am not bound to please thee with my answers. Do all men kill the things they do not love? Hates any man the thing he would not kill? Every offence is not a hate at first. What, wouldst thou have a serpent sting thee twice? , to Bassanio
I pray you, think you question with the Jew. You may as well go stand upon the beach
And bid the main flood bate his usual height;
You may as well use question with the wolf
Why he hath made the ewe bleat for the lamb;
You may as well forbid the mountain pines
To wag their high tops and to make no noise
When they are fretten with the gusts of heaven;
You may as well do anything most hard
As seek to soften that than which whatâs harder?â
His Jewish heart. Therefore I do beseech youFTLN 1962
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FTLN 1990 147 The Merchant of VeniceACT 4. SC. 1
BASSANIO
SHYLOCK
DUKE
SHYLOCK
DUKE
SALERIO Make no more offers, use no farther means,
But with all brief and plain conveniency
Let me have judgment and the Jew his will. For thy three thousand ducats here is six. If every ducat in six thousand ducats
Were in six parts, and every part a ducat,
I would not draw them. I would have my bond. How shalt thou hope for mercy, rendâring none? What judgment shall I dread, doing no wrong? You have among you many a purchased slave,
Which, like your asses and your dogs and mules,
You use in abject and in slavish parts
Because you bought them. Shall I say to you
âLet them be free! Marry them to your heirs! Why sweat they under burdens? Let their beds
Be made as soft as yours, and let their palates
Be seasoned with such viandsâ? You will answer
âThe slaves are ours!â So do I answer you:
The pound of flesh which I demand of him
Is dearly bought; âtis mine and I will have it. If you deny me, fie upon your law:
There is no force in the decrees of Venice. I stand for judgment. Answer: shall I have it? Upon my power I may dismiss this court
Unless Bellario, a learnèd doctor
Whom I have sent for to determine this,
Come here today. My lord, here stays without
A messenger with letters from the doctor,
New come from Padua.FTLN 1991
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FTLN 2020 149 The Merchant of VeniceACT 4. SC. 1
DUKE
BASSANIO
ANTONIO
DUKE
NERISSA
Handing him a paper, which he reads, aside, while
Shylock sharpens hi
âď¸ Portia reveals that Shylock can take his pound of flesh only if he sheds no Christian blood, making the bond impossible to fulfill.
đ° When Bassanio offers to pay three times the debt, Portia insists Shylock must accept only the exact penalty he demanded.
đŻ Portia demands surgical precision - exactly one pound, no more or less, with death as the penalty for any deviation.
đď¸ A second law is invoked: aliens who threaten citizens' lives forfeit half their wealth to the victim and half to the state, with their life at the Duke's mercy.
đ The Duke pardons Shylock's life before he asks, but upholds the wealth forfeiture as punishment for his murderous intent.
then thy bond, take thou thy pound of flesh,
But in the cutting it, if thou dost shed
One drop of Christian blood, thy lands and goods
Are by the laws of Venice confiscate
Unto the state of Venice. O upright judge!âMark, Jew.âO learnèd judge! Is that the law? , as Balthazar Thyself shalt see the act. For, as thou urgest justice, be assured
Thou shalt have justice more than thou desirâst. O learnèd judge!âMark, Jew, a learnèd judge! FTLN 2214 305
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FTLN 2240 165 The Merchant of VeniceACT 4. SC. 1
SHYLOCK
BASSANIO
PORTIA
GRATIANO
PORTIA
GRATIANO
PORTIA
SHYLOCK
BASSANIO
PORTIA
GRATIANO
SHYLOCK
I take this offer then. Pay the bond thrice
And let the Christian go. Here is the money. , as Balthazar
Soft! The Jew shall have all justice. Soft, no haste! He shall have nothing but the penalty. O Jew, an upright judge, a learnèd judge! , as Balthazar
Therefore prepare thee to cut off the flesh. Shed thou no blood, nor cut thou less nor more
But just a pound of flesh. If thou takâst more
Or less than a just pound, be it but so much
As makes it light or heavy in the substance
Or the division of the twentieth part
Of one poor scrupleânay, if the scale do turn
But in the estimation of a hair,
Thou diest, and all thy goods are confiscate. A second Daniel! A Daniel, Jew! Now, infidel, I have you on the hip. , as Balthazar
Why doth the Jew pause? Take thy forfeiture. Give me my principal and let me go. I have it ready for thee. Here it is. , as Balthazar
He hath refused it in the open court. He shall have merely justice and his bond. A Daniel still, say I! A second Daniel!â
I thank thee, Jew, for teaching me that word. Shall I not have barely my principal?FTLN 2241
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FTLN 2265 167 The Merchant of VeniceACT 4. SC. 1
PORTIA
SHYLOCK
He begins to exit. PORTIA
GRATIANO
DUKE, as Balthazar
Thou shalt have nothing but the forfeiture
To be so taken at thy peril, Jew. Why, then, the devil give him good of it! Iâll stay no longer question. , as Balthazar Tarry, Jew. The law hath yet another hold on you. It is enacted in the laws of Venice,
If it be proved against an alien
That by direct or indirect attempts
He seek the life of any citizen,
The party âgainst the which he doth contrive
Shall seize one half his goods; the other half
Comes to the privy coffer of the state,
And the offenderâs life lies in the mercy
Of the Duke only, âgainst all other voice. In which predicament I say thou standâst,
For it appears by manifest proceeding
That indirectly, and directly too,
Thou hast contrived against the very life
Of the defendant, and thou hast incurred
The danger formerly by me rehearsed. Down, therefore, and beg mercy of the Duke. Beg that thou mayst have leave to hang thyself! And yet, thy wealth being forfeit to the state,
Thou hast not left the value of a cord;
Therefore thou must be hanged at the stateâs
charge. That thou shalt see the difference of our spirit,
I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it. For half thy wealth, it is Antonioâs;
The other half comes to the general state,
Which humbleness may drive unto a fine. FTLN 2266
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FTLN 2297 169 The Merchant of VeniceACT 4. SC. 1
POR
âď¸ Portia, disguised as Balthazar, delivers the famous 'quality of mercy' speech, arguing that mercy is divine and should temper justice.
đ° Bassanio offers to pay twice or even ten times the original debt amount to save Antonio from Shylock's bond.
đĄď¸ Shylock refuses all monetary offers and demands his legal right to a pound of Antonio's flesh, citing his oath and the law.
đ Portia acknowledges that Shylock's bond is legally valid under Venetian law, while Shylock praises her legal knowledge and demands strict enforcement.
Is your name Shylock? Shylock is my name. , as Balthazar
Of a strange nature is the suit you follow,
Yet in such rule that the Venetian law
Cannot impugn you as you do proceed. To Antonio. You stand within his danger, do you
not? Ay, so he says. , as Balthazar Do you confess the bond? I do. , as Balthazar Then must the Jew be merciful. On what compulsion must I? Tell me that.FTLN 2074 165
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FTLN 2098 155 The Merchant of VeniceACT 4. SC. 1
PORTIA
SHYLOCK
PORTIA
BASSANIO, as Balthazar
The quality of mercy is not strained. It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven
Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest:
It blesseth him that gives and him that takes. âTis mightiest in the mightiest; it becomes
The thronèd monarch better than his crown. His scepter shows the force of temporal power,
The attribute to awe and majesty
Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings;
But mercy is above this sceptered sway. It is enthronèd in the hearts of kings;
It is an attribute to God Himself;
And earthly power doth then show likest Godâs
When mercy seasons justice. Therefore, Jew,
Though justice be thy plea, consider this:
That in the course of justice none of us
Should see salvation. We do pray for mercy,
And that same prayer doth teach us all to render
The deeds of mercy. I have spoke thus much
To mitigate the justice of thy plea,
Which, if thou follow, this strict court of Venice
Must needs give sentence âgainst the merchant
there. My deeds upon my head! I crave the law,
The penalty and forfeit of my bond. , as Balthazar
Is he not able to discharge the money? Yes. Here I tender it for him in the court,
Yea, twice the sum. If that will not suffice,
I will be bound to pay it ten times oâer
On forfeit of my hands, my head, my heart. If this will not suffice, it must appear
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FTLN 2129 220 157 The Merchant of VeniceACT 4. SC. 1
PORTIA
SHYLOCK
PORTIA
SHYLOCK
Handing Portia a paper. PORTIA
SHYLOCK
PORTIA
SHYLOCK That malice bears down truth. To the Duke. And I
beseech you,
Wrest once the law to your authority. To do a great right, do a little wrong,
And curb this cruel devil of his will. , as Balthazar
It must not be. There is no power in Venice
Can alter a decree establishèd;
âTwill be recorded for a precedent
And many an error by the same example
Will rush into the state. It cannot be. A Daniel come to judgment! Yea, a Daniel. O wise young judge, how I do honor thee! , as Balthazar
I pray you let me look upon the bond. Here âtis, most reverend doctor, here it is. , as Balthazar
Shylock, thereâs thrice thy money offered thee. An oath, an oath, I have an oath in heaven! Shall I lay perjury upon my soul? No, not for Venice! , as Balthazar Why, this bond is forfeit,
And lawfully by this the Jew may claim
A pound of flesh, to be by him cut off
Nearest the merchantâs heart.âBe merciful;
Take thrice thy money; bid me tear the bond. When it is paid according to the tenor. It doth appear you are a worthy judge;
You know the law; your exposition
Hath been most sound. I charge you by the law,
Whereof you are a well-deserving pillar,FTLN 2130
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âď¸ Antonio resigns himself to death, telling Bassanio he's ready to sacrifice his life and asking him to write his epitaph.
đŞ Shylock sharpens his knife in preparation to extract his pound of flesh, showing his determination to proceed with the brutal contract.
đş Gratiano delivers a vicious speech comparing Shylock to a wolf, suggesting his soul is that of a beast reincarnated in human form.
đ Portia arrives disguised as the young lawyer Balthazar, recommended by the learned Bellario, ready to preside over the case.
s knife on the sole of his shoe. BASSANIO
SHYLOCK
GRATIANO
SHYLOCK
GRATIANO
Bring us the letters. Call the messenger. Good cheer, Antonio! What, man, courage yet! The Jew shall have my flesh, blood, bones, and all
Ere thou shalt lose for me one drop of blood! I am a tainted wether of the flock,
Meetest for death. The weakest kind of fruit
Drops earliest to the ground, and so let me. You cannot better be employed, Bassanio,
Than to live still and write mine epitaph. Enter Nerissa, disguised as a lawyerâs clerk. Came you from Padua, from Bellario? , as Clerk
From both, my lord. Bellario greets your Grace. Why dost thou whet thy knife so earnestly? To cut the forfeiture from that bankrout there. Not on thy sole but on thy soul, harsh Jew,
Thou makâst thy knife keen. But no metal can,
No, not the hangmanâs axe, bear half the keenness
Of thy sharp envy. Can no prayers pierce thee? No, none that thou hast wit enough to make. O, be thou damned, inexecrable dog,
And for thy life let justice be accused;
Thou almost makâst me waver in my faith,
To hold opinion with PythagorasFTLN 2021
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FTLN 2042 151 The Merchant of VeniceACT 4. SC. 1
SHYLOCK
DUKE
NERISSA
DUKE
Attendants exit. That souls of animals infuse themselves
Into the trunks of men. Thy currish spirit
Governed a wolf who, hanged for human slaughter,
Even from the gallows did his fell soul fleet,
And whilst thou layest in thy unhallowed dam,
Infused itself in thee, for thy desires
Are wolfish, bloody, starved, and ravenous. Till thou canst rail the seal from off my bond,
Thou but offendâst thy lungs to speak so loud. Repair thy wit, good youth, or it will fall
To cureless ruin. I stand here for law. This letter from Bellario doth commend
A young and learnèd doctor to our court. Where is he? , as Clerk He attendeth here hard by
To know your answer whether youâll admit him. With all my heart.âSome three or four of you
Go give him courteous conduct to this place. Meantime the court shall hear Bellarioâs letter. He reads. Your Grace shall understand that, at the receipt of
your letter, I am very sick, but in the instant that your
messenger came, in loving visitation was with me a
young doctor of Rome. His name is Balthazar. I
acquainted him with the cause in controversy between
the Jew and Antonio the merchant. We turned oâer
many books together. He is furnished with my opinion,
which, bettered with his own learning (the greatness
whereof I cannot enough commend), comes with
him at my importunity to fill up your Graceâs request
in my stead. I beseech you let his lack of years be no
impediment to let him lack a reverend estimation, for IFTLN 2043
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FTLN 2073 153 The Merchant of VeniceACT 4. SC. 1
PORTIA
DUKE
PORTIA
DUKE
PORTIA
SHYLOCK
PORTIA
ANTONIO
PORTIA
ANTONIO
PORTIA
SHYLOCK never knew so young a body with so old a head. I
leave him to your gracious acceptance, whose trial
shall better publish his commendation. You hear the learnèd Bellario what he writes. Enter Portia for Balthazar, disguised as a doctor of
laws, with Attendants. And here I take it is the doctor come.â
Give me your hand. Come you from old Bellario? , as Balthazar
I did, my lord. You are welcome. Take your place. Are you acquainted with the difference
That holds this present question in the court? , as Balthazar
I am informèd throughly of the cause. Which is the merchant here? And which the Jew? Antonio and old Shylock, both stand forth. , as Balthazar
âď¸ Shylock refuses all attempts at mercy and demands his legal right to cut a pound of flesh from Antonio's breast.
đ Antonio prepares for death with dignity, asking Bassanio to tell his wife how much he loved his friend.
đŤ Bassanio and Gratiano declare they would sacrifice their wives to save Antonio, while their disguised wives listen.
𩸠Portia (disguised as judge Balthazar) grants Shylock his pound of flesh but reveals the fatal legal loophole - the bond mentions no blood.
eniceACT 4. SC. 1
ANTONIO
PORTIA
SHYLOCK
PORTIA
SHYLOCK
PORTIA
SHYLOCK
PORTIA
SHYLOCK
PORTIA
SHYLOCK
PORTIA
SHYLOCK Proceed to judgment. By my soul I swear
There is no power in the tongue of man
To alter me. I stay here on my bond. Most heartily I do beseech the court
To give the judgment. , as Balthazar Why, then, thus it is:
You must prepare your bosom for his knifeâ
O noble judge! O excellent young man! , as Balthazar
For the intent and purpose of the law
Hath full relation to the penalty,
Which here appeareth due upon the bond. âTis very true. O wise and upright judge,
How much more elder art thou than thy looks! , as Balthazar, to Antonio
Therefore lay bare your bosomâ
Ay, his breast! So says the bond, doth it not, noble judge? âNearest his heart.â Those are the very words. , as Balthazar
It is so. Are there balance here to weigh the flesh? I have them ready. , as Balthazar
Have by some surgeon, Shylock, on your charge,
To stop his wounds, lest he do bleed to death. Is it so nominated in the bond? , as Balthazar
It is not so expressed, but what of that? âTwere good you do so much for charity. I cannot find it. âTis not in the bond.FTLN 2158
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FTLN 2183 161 The Merchant of VeniceACT 4. SC. 1
PORTIA
ANTONIO
BASSANIO
PORTIA
GRATIANO, as Balthazar
You, merchant, have you anything to say? But little. I am armed and well prepared.â
Give me your hand, Bassanio. Fare you well. Grieve not that I am fallân to this for you,
For herein Fortune shows herself more kind
Than is her custom: it is still her use
To let the wretched man outlive his wealth,
To view with hollow eye and wrinkled brow
An age of poverty, from which lingâring penance
Of such misery doth she cut me off. Commend me to your honorable wife,
Tell her the process of Antonioâs end,
Say how I loved you, speak me fair in death,
And when the tale is told, bid her be judge
Whether Bassanio had not once a love. Repent but you that you shall lose your friend
And he repents not that he pays your debt. For if the Jew do cut but deep enough,
Iâll pay it instantly with all my heart. Antonio, I am married to a wife
Which is as dear to me as life itself,
But life itself, my wife, and all the world
Are not with me esteemed above thy life. I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all
Here to this devil, to deliver you. , aside
Your wife would give you little thanks for that
If she were by to hear you make the offer. I have a wife who I protest I love. I would she were in heaven, so she could
Entreat some power to change this currish Jew. FTLN 2184 275
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FTLN 2213 163 The Merchant of VeniceACT 4. SC. 1
NERISSA
SHYLOCK
PORTIA
SHYLOCK
PORTIA
SHYLOCK
PORTIA
GRATIANO
SHYLOCK
PORTIA
GRATIANO, aside
âTis well you offer it behind her back. The wish would make else an unquiet house. These be the Christian husbands! I have a
daughterâ
Would any of the stock of Barabbas
Had been her husband, rather than a Christian! We trifle time. I pray thee, pursue sentence. , as Balthazar
A pound of that same merchantâs flesh is thine:
The court awards it, and the law doth give it. Most rightful judge! , as Balthazar
And you must cut this flesh from off his breast:
The law allows it, and the court awards it. Most learnèd judge! A sentence!âCome, prepare. , as Balthazar
Tarry a little. There is something else. This bond doth give thee here no jot of blood. The words expressly are âa pound of flesh.â
Take
âď¸ Shylock is forced to convert to Christianity and give up half his wealth as punishment for attempting Antonio's life.
đ° Antonio demands that Shylock's remaining wealth be held in trust for Lorenzo and Jessica, further stripping him of control.
đˇ Shylock exits defeated and ill, having lost his religion, wealth, and dignity in the courtroom.
đ Portia (disguised as Balthazar) cleverly manipulates Bassanio into giving up his wedding ring as payment for her legal services.
TIA
SHYLOCK
PORTIA
GRATIANO
ANTONIO
DUKE
PORTIA
SHYLOCK
PORTIA
SHYLOCK
DUKE, as Balthazar
Ay, for the state, not for Antonio. Nay, take my life and all. Pardon not that. You take my house when you do take the prop
That doth sustain my house; you take my life
When you do take the means whereby I live. , as Balthazar
What mercy can you render him, Antonio? A halter gratis, nothing else, for Godâs sake! So please my lord the Duke and all the court
To quit the fine for one half of his goods,
I am content, so he will let me have
The other half in use, to render it
Upon his death unto the gentleman
That lately stole his daughter. Two things provided more: that for this favor
He presently become a Christian;
The other, that he do record a gift,
Here in the court, of all he dies possessed
Unto his son Lorenzo and his daughter. He shall do this, or else I do recant
The pardon that I late pronouncèd here. , as Balthazar
Art thou contented, Jew? What dost thou say? I am content. , as Balthazar Clerk, draw a deed of gift. I pray you give me leave to go from hence. I am not well. Send the deed after me
And I will sign it. Get thee gone, but do it. FTLN 2298
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FTLN 2324 415 171 The Merchant of VeniceACT 4. SC. 1
GRATIANO
Shylock exits. DUKE
PORTIA
DUKE
The Duke and his train exit. BASSANIO
ANTONIO
PORTIA
She begins to exit. BASSANIO
In christâning shalt thou have two godfathers. Had I been judge, thou shouldst have had ten more,
To bring thee to the gallows, not to the font. , to Portia as Balthazar
Sir, I entreat you home with me to dinner. , as Balthazar
I humbly do desire your Grace of pardon. I must away this night toward Padua,
And it is meet I presently set forth. I am sorry that your leisure serves you not.â
Antonio, gratify this gentleman,
For in my mind you are much bound to him. , to Portia as Balthazar
Most worthy gentleman, I and my friend
Have by your wisdom been this day acquitted
Of grievous penalties, in lieu whereof
Three thousand ducats due unto the Jew
We freely cope your courteous pains withal. And stand indebted, over and above,
In love and service to you evermore. , as Balthazar
He is well paid that is well satisfied,
And I, delivering you, am satisfied,
And therein do account myself well paid. My mind was never yet more mercenary. I pray you know me when we meet again. I wish you well, and so I take my leave. Dear sir, of force I must attempt you further. Take some remembrance of us as a tribute,
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FTLN 2349 440 173 The Merchant of VeniceACT 4. SC. 1
PORTIA
BASSANIO
PORTIA
BASSANIO
PORTIA
BASSANIO
PORTIA
Portia and Nerissa exit. ANTONIO Not as fee. Grant me two things, I pray you:
Not to deny me, and to pardon me. , as Balthazar
You press me far, and therefore I will yield. Give me your gloves; Iâll wear them for your sakeâ
And for your love Iâll take this ring from you. Do not draw back your hand; Iâll take no more,
And you in love shall not deny me this. This ring, good sir? Alas, it is a trifle. I will not shame myself to give you this. , as Balthazar
I will have nothing else but only this. And now methinks I have a mind to it. Thereâs more depends on this than on the value. The dearest ring in Venice will I give you,
And find it out by proclamation. Only for this, I pray you pardon me. , as Balthazar
I see, sir, you are liberal in offers. You taught me first to beg, and now methinks
You teach me how a beggar should be answered. Good sir, this ring wa
đ Portia and Nerissa confront their husbands about giving away the wedding rings they had sworn to keep forever.
âď¸ Bassanio reveals he gave his ring to the judge (secretly Portia in disguise) who saved Antonio's life, feeling honor-bound by gratitude.
đĄ Portia threatens to deny Bassanio her bed and sarcastically vows to give herself to the same 'doctor' who now has her ring.
đ The dramatic irony intensifies as Portia maintains her disguise while punishing her husband for the very act she orchestrated.
e scrubbèd boy,
No higher than thyself, the judgeâs clerk,
A prating boy that begged it as a fee. I could not for my heart deny it him. You were to blame, I must be plain with you,
To part so slightly with your wifeâs first gift,
A thing stuck on with oaths upon your finger,
And so riveted with faith unto your flesh. I gave my love a ring and made him swear
Never to part with it, and here he stands. I dare be sworn for him he would not leave it
Nor pluck it from his finger for the wealth
That the world masters. Now, in faith, Gratiano,
You give your wife too unkind a cause of grief. An âtwere to me I should be mad at it. , aside
Why, I were best to cut my left hand off
And swear I lost the ring defending it.FTLN 2569
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FTLN 2598 195 The Merchant of VeniceACT 5. SC. 1
GRATIANO
PORTIA
BASSANIO
PORTIA
NERISSA
BASSANIO
PORTIA
My Lord Bassanio gave his ring away
Unto the judge that begged it, and indeed
Deserved it, too. And then the boy, his clerk,
That took some pains in writing, he begged mine,
And neither man nor master would take aught
But the two rings. What ring gave you, my lord? Not that, I hope, which you received of me. If I could add a lie unto a fault,
I would deny it, but you see my finger
Hath not the ring upon it. It is gone. Even so void is your false heart of truth. By heaven, I will neâer come in your bed
Until I see the ring! , to Gratiano Nor I in yours
Till I again see mine! Sweet Portia,
If you did know to whom I gave the ring,
If you did know for whom I gave the ring,
And would conceive for what I gave the ring,
And how unwillingly I left the ring,
When naught would be accepted but the ring,
You would abate the strength of your displeasure. If you had known the virtue of the ring,
Or half her worthiness that gave the ring,
Or your own honor to contain the ring,
You would not then have parted with the ring. What man is there so much unreasonable,
If you had pleased to have defended it
With any terms of zeal, wanted the modesty
To urge the thing held as a ceremony? Nerissa teaches me what to believe:
Iâll die for ât but some woman had the ring!FTLN 2599
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FTLN 2631 197 The Merchant of VeniceACT 5. SC. 1
BASSANIO
PORTIA
NERISSA
GRATIANO
ANTONIO
No, by my honor, madam, by my soul,
No woman had it, but a civil doctor,
Which did refuse three thousand ducats of me
And begged the ring, the which I did deny him
And suffered him to go displeased away,
Even he that had held up the very life
Of my dear friend. What should I say, sweet lady? I was enforced to send it after him. I was beset with shame and courtesy. My honor would not let ingratitude
So much besmear it. Pardon me, good lady,
For by these blessèd candles of the night,
Had you been there, I think you would have begged
The ring of me to give the worthy doctor. Let not that doctor eâer come near my house! Since he hath got the jewel that I loved,
And that which you did swear to keep for me,
I will become as liberal as you:
Iâll not deny him anything I have,
No, not my body, nor my husbandâs bed. Know him I shall, I am well sure of it. Lie not a night from home. Watch me like Argus. If you do not, if I be left alone,
Now by mine honor, which is yet mine own,
Iâll have that doctor for my bedfellow. And I his clerk. Therefore be well advised
How you do leave me to mine own protection.
đ Bassanio ultimately gives away his wedding ring to Portia (disguised as Balthazar) despite his wife's sacred vow never to part with it.
đ Portia and Nerissa, still in disguise, plan to confront their husbands about giving away the rings they swore to keep forever.
đ The disguised women complete their legal business by having Shylock sign a deed that will benefit Lorenzo.
đ Lorenzo and Jessica engage in romantic banter under the moonlight, playfully referencing famous lovers from classical mythology and their own elopement.
s given me by my wife,
And when she put it on, she made me vow
That I should neither sell nor give nor lose it. , as Balthazar
That âscuse serves many men to save their gifts. And if your wife be not a madwoman,
And know how well I have deserved this ring,
She would not hold out enemy forever
For giving it to me. Well, peace be with you. My Lord Bassanio, let him have the ring.FTLN 2350
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FTLN 2376 175 The Merchant of VeniceACT 4. SC. 2
BASSANIO
Gratiano exits. They exit. PORTIA
GRATIANO
He gives her a ring. PORTIA
GRATIANO Let his deservings and my love withal
Be valued âgainst your wifeâs commandment. Go, Gratiano, run and overtake him. Give him the ring, and bring him if thou canst
Unto Antonioâs house. Away, make haste. Come, you and I will thither presently,
And in the morning early will we both
Fly toward Belmont.âCome, Antonio. Enter Portia and Nerissa, still in disguise. Inquire the Jewâs house out; give him this deed
And let him sign it. She gives Nerissa a paper. Weâll
away tonight,
And be a day before our husbands home. This deed will be well welcome to Lorenzo. Enter Gratiano. Fair sir, you are well oâertaâen. My Lord Bassanio, upon more advice,
Hath sent you here this ring, and doth entreat
Your company at dinner. , as Balthazar That cannot be. His ring I do accept most thankfully,
And so I pray you tell him. Furthermore,
I pray you show my youth old Shylockâs house. That will I do.FTLN 2377
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Scene 2
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FTLN 2398 177 The Merchant of VeniceACT 4. SC. 2
NERISSA
PORTIA
She exits. NERISSA
They exit., as Clerk Sir, I would speak with you. Aside to Portia. Iâll see if I can get my husbandâs
ring,
Which I did make him swear to keep forever. , aside to Nerissa
Thou mayst, I warrant! We shall have old swearing
That they did give the rings away to men;
But weâll outface them, and outswear them, too.â
Away, make haste! Thou knowâst where I will tarry. , as Clerk
Come, good sir, will you show me to this house? FTLN 2399 15
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LORENZO
JESSICA
LORENZO
JESSICA
LORENZO
JESSICAEnter Lorenzo and Jessica. The moon shines bright. In such a night as this,
When the sweet wind did gently kiss the trees
And they did make no noise, in such a night
Troilus, methinks, mounted the Trojan walls
And sighed his soul toward the Grecian tents
Where Cressid lay that night. In such a night
Did Thisbe fearfully oâertrip the dew
And saw the lionâs shadow ere himself
And ran dismayed away. In such a night
Stood Dido with a willow in her hand
Upon the wild sea-banks, and waft her love
To come again to Carthage. In such a night
Medea gathered the enchanted herbs
That did renew old Aeson. In such a night
Did Jessica steal from the wealthy Jew,
And with an unthrift love did run from Venice
As far as Belmont. In such a night
Did young Lorenzo swear he loved her well,
181ACT 5
Scene 1
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FTLN 2430 183 The Merchant of VeniceACT 5. SC. 1
LORENZO
JESSICA
LORENZO
STEPHANO
LORENZO
STEPHANO
LORENZO
STEPHANO
LORENZO
LANCELET
LORENZO
LANCELET Stealing her soul with many vows of faith,
And neâer a true one. In such a night
Did pretty Jessica, like a little shrew,
Slander her love, and he forgave it her. I would out-night you did nobody come,
Bu
đľ Stephano arrives with news that Portia will return to Belmont before dawn, accompanied only by a hermit and her maid.
đ Lorenzo and Jessica sit in the moonlit garden, where Lorenzo philosophizes about celestial harmony and the music of the spheres.
đź Lorenzo argues that music has the power to tame savage beasts and transform human nature, claiming those unmoved by music are untrustworthy.
đŻď¸ Portia and Nerissa arrive, with Portia observing how context affects perception - comparing a candle's light to good deeds in a dark world.
t hark, I hear the footing of a man. Enter Stephano, a Messenger. Who comes so fast in silence of the night? A friend. A friend? What friend? Your name, I pray you,
friend. Stephano is my name, and I bring word
My mistress will before the break of day
Be here at Belmont. She doth stray about
By holy crosses, where she kneels and prays
For happy wedlock hours. Who comes with her? None but a holy hermit and her maid. I pray you, is my master yet returned? He is not, nor we have not heard from him.â
But go we in, I pray thee, Jessica,
And ceremoniously let us prepare
Some welcome for the mistress of the house. Enter Lancelet, the Clown. Sola, sola! Wo ha, ho! Sola, sola! Who calls? Sola! Did you see Master Lorenzo? Master
Lorenzo, sola, sola!FTLN 2431
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FTLN 2457 50 185 The Merchant of VeniceACT 5. SC. 1
LORENZO
LANCELET
LORENZO
LANCELET
Lancelet exits. LORENZO
Stephano exits. Music plays. JESSICA
LORENZO Leave holloaing, man! Here. Sola! Where, where? Here! Tell him thereâs a post come from my master
with his horn full of good news. My master will
be here ere morning, sweet soul. , to Jessica
Letâs in, and there expect their coming. And yet no matter; why should we go in?â
My friend Stephano, signify, I pray you,
Within the house, your mistress is at hand,
And bring your music forth into the air. How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank. Here will we sit and let the sounds of music
Creep in our ears; soft stillness and the night
Become the touches of sweet harmony. Sit, Jessica. Look how the floor of heaven
Is thick inlaid with patens of bright gold. Thereâs not the smallest orb which thou beholdâst
But in his motion like an angel sings,
Still choiring to the young-eyed cherubins. Such harmony is in immortal souls,
But whilst this muddy vesture of decay
Doth grossly close it in, we cannot hear it. Enter Stephano and musicians. Come, ho! and wake Diana with a hymn. With sweetest touches pierce your mistressâ ear,
And draw her home with music. I am never merry when I hear sweet music. The reason is, your spirits are attentive. For do but note a wild and wanton herdFTLN 2458
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FTLN 2486 187 The Merchant of VeniceACT 5. SC. 1
PORTIA
NERISSA
PORTIA
NERISSA
PORTIA Or race of youthful and unhandled colts,
Fetching mad bounds, bellowing and neighing loud,
Which is the hot condition of their blood,
If they but hear perchance a trumpet sound,
Or any air of music touch their ears,
You shall perceive them make a mutual stand,
Their savage eyes turned to a modest gaze
By the sweet power of music. Therefore the poet
Did feign that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and
floods,
Since naught so stockish, hard, and full of rage,
But music for the time doth change his nature. The man that hath no music in himself,
Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds,
Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils;
The motions of his spirit are dull as night,
And his affections dark as Erebus. Let no such man be trusted. Mark the music. Enter Portia and Nerissa. That light we see is burning in my hall. How far that little candle throws his beams! So shines a good deed in a naughty world. When the moon shone we did not see the candle. So doth the greater glory dim the less. A substitute shines brightly as a king
Until a king be by, and then his state
Empties itself as doth an inland brook
Into the main of waters. Music, hark! It is your music, madam, of the house. Nothing is good, I
đľ Portia and Lorenzo discuss how context affects perception, noting that music sounds sweeter at night and silence enhances beauty.
đ Portia returns home and instructs her servants to hide any evidence of her absence, maintaining secrecy about her disguise.
đ¤ Bassanio introduces Antonio to Portia, with wordplay about being 'bound' referring to both friendship and legal obligation.
đ A quarrel erupts between Gratiano and Nerissa about a ring he gave away, mirroring the larger deception about the rings given to the disguised wives.
see, without respect. Methinks it sounds much sweeter than by day.FTLN 2487 80
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FTLN 2516 189 The Merchant of VeniceACT 5. SC. 1
NERISSA
PORTIA
Music ceases. LORENZO
PORTIA
LORENZO
PORTIA
LORENZO
PORTIA
A trumpet sounds. LORENZO
PORTIA
Silence bestows that virtue on it, madam. The crow doth sing as sweetly as the lark
When neither is attended, and I think
The nightingale, if she should sing by day
When every goose is cackling, would be thought
No better a musician than the wren. How many things by season seasoned are
To their right praise and true perfection! Peaceâhow the moon sleeps with Endymion
And would not be awaked! That is the voice,
Or I am much deceived, of Portia. He knows me as the blind man knows the cuckoo,
By the bad voice. Dear lady, welcome home. We have been praying for our husbandsâ welfare,
Which speed we hope the better for our words. Are they returned? Madam, they are not yet,
But there is come a messenger before
To signify their coming. Go in, Nerissa. Give order to my servants that they take
No note at all of our being absent henceâ
Nor you, LorenzoâJessica, nor you. Your husband is at hand. I hear his trumpet. We are no tell-tales, madam, fear you not. This night methinks is but the daylight sick;FTLN 2517 110
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FTLN 2544 191 The Merchant of VeniceACT 5. SC. 1
BASSANIO
PORTIA
Gratiano and Nerissa talk aside. BASSANIO
PORTIA
ANTONIO
PORTIA
GRATIANO
PORTIA
GRATIANO It looks a little paler. âTis a day
Such as the day is when the sun is hid. Enter Bassanio, Antonio, Gratiano, and their followers. We should hold day with the Antipodes
If you would walk in absence of the sun. Let me give light, but let me not be light,
For a light wife doth make a heavy husband,
And never be Bassanio so for me. But God sort all! You are welcome home, my lord. I thank you, madam. Give welcome to my friend. This is the man, this is Antonio,
To whom I am so infinitely bound. You should in all sense be much bound to him,
For as I hear he was much bound for you. No more than I am well acquitted of. Sir, you are very welcome to our house. It must appear in other ways than words;
Therefore I scant this breathing courtesy. , to Nerissa
By yonder moon I swear you do me wrong! In faith, I gave it to the judgeâs clerk. Would he were gelt that had it, for my part,
Since you do take it, love, so much at heart. A quarrel ho, already! Whatâs the matter? About a hoop of gold, a paltry ring
That she did give me, whose posy wasFTLN 2545
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FTLN 2568 193 The Merchant of VeniceACT 5. SC. 1
NERISSA
GRATIANO
NERISSA
GRATIANO
PORTIA
BASSANIO For all the world like cutlerâs poetry
Upon a knife, âLove me, and leave me not.â
What talk you of the posy or the value? You swore to me when I did give it you
That you would wear it till your hour of death,
And that it should lie with you in your grave. Though not for me, yet for your vehement oaths,
You should have been respective and have kept it. Gave it a judgeâs clerk! No, Godâs my judge,
The clerk will neâer wear hair on âs face that had it. He will, an if he live to be a man. Ay, if a woman live to be a man. Now, by this hand, I gave it to a youth,
A kind of boy, a littl
đ Portia reveals she was disguised as the doctor lawyer and Nerissa as the clerk, shocking their husbands who unknowingly gave away their wedding rings to their own wives.
đ The women playfully torment their husbands by claiming they slept with the 'doctor' and 'clerk' before revealing the truth about their identities.
âď¸ Antonio offers to guarantee Bassanio's future faithfulness and receives news that three of his supposedly lost ships have safely returned to harbor.
đ° Lorenzo and Jessica receive a deed of gift ensuring they will inherit all of Shylock's possessions after his death, providing them financial security.
Well, do you so. Let not me take him, then,
For if I do, Iâll mar the young clerkâs pen. I am thâ unhappy subject of these quarrels.FTLN 2632 225
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FTLN 2661 199 The Merchant of VeniceACT 5. SC. 1
PORTIA
BASSANIO
PORTIA
BASSANIO
ANTONIO
PORTIA
Giving Antonio a ring. ANTONIO
BASSANIO
PORTIA
NERISSA
She shows a ring. Sir, grieve not you. You are welcome
notwithstanding. Portia, forgive me this enforcèd wrong,
And in the hearing of these many friends
I swear to thee, even by thine own fair eyes,
Wherein I see myselfâ
Mark you but that! In both my eyes he doubly sees himself,
In each eye one. Swear by your double self,
And thereâs an oath of credit. Nay, but hear me. Pardon this fault, and by my soul I swear
I never more will break an oath with thee. I once did lend my body for his wealth,
Which but for him that had your husbandâs ring
Had quite miscarried. I dare be bound again,
My soul upon the forfeit, that your lord
Will never more break faith advisedly. Then you shall be his surety. Give him this,
And bid him keep it better than the other. Here, Lord Bassanio, swear to keep this ring. By heaven, it is the same I gave the doctor! I had it of him. Pardon me, Bassanio,
For by this ring, the doctor lay with me. And pardon me, my gentle Gratiano,
For that same scrubbèd boy, the doctorâs clerk,
In lieu of this, last night did lie with me.FTLN 2662 255
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201 The Merchant of VeniceACT 5. SC. 1
GRATIANO
PORTIA
She hands a paper to Bassanio. Handing him a paper. ANTONIO
BASSANIO
GRATIANO
NERISSA
BASSANIO
ANTONIO
Why, this is like the mending of highways
In summer, where the ways are fair enough! What, are we cuckolds ere we have deserved it? Speak not so grossly.âYou are all amazed. Here is a letter; read it at your leisure. It comes from Padua from Bellario. There you shall find that Portia was the doctor,
Nerissa there, her clerk. Lorenzo here
Shall witness I set forth as soon as you,
And even but now returned. I have not yet
Entered my house.âAntonio, you are welcome,
And I have better news in store for you
Than you expect. Unseal this letter soon. There you shall find three of your argosies
Are richly come to harbor suddenly. You shall not know by what strange accident
I chancèd on this letter. I am dumb. Were you the doctor and I knew you not? Were you the clerk that is to make me cuckold? Ay, but the clerk that never means to do it,
Unless he live until he be a man. , to Portia
Sweet doctor, you shall be my bedfellow. When I am absent, then lie with my wife. Sweet lady, you have given me life and living;
For here I read for certain that my ships
Are safely come to road.FTLN 2689
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FTLN 2715 203 The Merchant of VeniceACT 5. SC. 1
PORTIA
NERISSA
Handing him a paper. LORENZO
PORTIA
GRATIANO
They exit. How now, Lorenzo? My clerk hath some good comforts too for you. Ay, and Iâll give them him without a fee. There do I give to you and Jessica,
From the rich Jew, a special deed of gift,
After his death, of all he dies possessed of. Fair ladies, you drop manna in the way
Of starvèd people. It is almost morning,
And yet I am sure you are not satisfied
Of these events at
đ The characters prepare to go inside and answer questions truthfully about recent events.
đ Gratiano playfully asks Nerissa whether she'd rather stay up or go to bed with only two hours until dawn.
đ¨ââď¸ Gratiano expresses desire to be with the 'doctor's clerk' (Nerissa in disguise) when daylight comes.
đ The play concludes with Gratiano's witty double entendre about 'keeping safe Nerissa's ring,' referencing both the wedding ring plot and sexual innuendo.
full. Let us go in,
And charge us there upon interâgatories,
And we will answer all things faithfully. Let it be so. The first interâgatory
That my Nerissa shall be sworn on is
Whether till the next night she had rather stay
Or go to bed now, being two hours to day. But were the day come, I should wish it dark
Till I were couching with the doctorâs clerk. Well, while I live, Iâll fear no other thing
So sore as keeping safe Nerissaâs ring.FTLN 2716
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